Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Calle Inca Garcilaso, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Calle Inca Garcilaso, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2022 Nov;153:138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.020. Epub 2022 Sep 8.
Food waste prevention across the food supply chain has been addressed by the European Union (EU) as the top priority to reduce farm-to-fork impacts. Despite the environmental benefits of food waste prevention are widely acknowledged, life cycle assessments usually do not account for rebound effects, the inclusion of which may decrease or even cancel out the expected environmental savings. Rebound effects are understood as the re-spending of accrued monetary savings, determined by the implementation of food waste prevention initiatives, either on the same product (i.e. direct effects - food) or on other products and/or services (i.e. indirect - non-food) including economy-wide effects (macroeconomic rebound effects). Macroeconomic rebound effects were quantified by means of the global equilibrium model Fidelio and were then converted into environmental impacts by performing an environmentally extended input-output analysis based on the assessment method Environmental Footprint 3.0. From an environmental and an economic perspective, it was found that food waste prevention initiatives across the entire food supply chain were beneficial, but efforts targeting households should be prioritised as the largest potential savings were obtained at this stage. Prevention initiatives implemented at households were associated with potential savings of up to 1 t CO-eq. t, which was reduced to a potential saving of 0.6 t CO-eq. t, corresponding to a 38 % decrease, when accounting for macroeconomic rebound effects. Finally, our results highlighted the importance of accounting for adjustment costs in the production stages of the food supply chain.
欧盟已将整个食品供应链中的食物浪费预防作为减少从农场到餐桌影响的首要任务。尽管人们广泛认识到预防食物浪费具有环境效益，但生命周期评估通常没有考虑回弹效应，如果将其包括在内，可能会减少甚至抵消预期的环境节约。回弹效应是指实施食物浪费预防措施所产生的累积货币节省的再支出，这些节省既可以用于同一产品（即直接效应-食物），也可以用于其他产品和/或服务（即间接-非食物），包括经济范围的效应（宏观经济回弹效应）。通过使用全球均衡模型 Fidelio 量化了宏观经济回弹效应，然后通过基于评估方法环境足迹 3.0 执行环境扩展投入产出分析将其转化为环境影响。从环境和经济角度来看，发现整个食品供应链中的食物浪费预防措施是有益的，但应优先考虑针对家庭的措施，因为在这一阶段可以获得最大的潜在节约。在家庭实施的预防措施可能会节省高达 1 公吨 CO2e，但考虑到宏观经济回弹效应，这一数字减少到 0.6 公吨 CO2e，即减少了 38%。最后，我们的结果强调了在食品供应链的生产阶段考虑调整成本的重要性。
