Du Mingfang, Chen Yueping, Wang Shiqi, Zhao Haoran, Wen Chao, Zhou Yanmin
College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 25;13:985784. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.985784. eCollection 2022.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of palygorskite (PAL) as an alternative to antibiotic on the growth performance, oxidative status, immune function, intestinal barrier and cecal microbial community of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old male Ross-308 broilers were randomly allotted to three treatments with eight replicates. Broilers in the three groups were designated as follows: basal diet (CON group), basal diet+50 mg/kg chlorotetracycline (ANT group), and basal diet+ 10 g/kg PAL (PAL group). Supplementing PAL reduced feed to gain ratio in broilers during 22 to 42 days of age ( < 0.05), with its value being similar to that of the ANT group ( > 0.05). Broilers fed a PAL-supplemented diet exerted decreased contents of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1β in serum, and the same reduction was found in jejunal IFN-γ level, when compared to the CON group ( < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the CON group, broilers after PAL treatment had a lower malondialdehyde content in jejunal mucosa ( < 0.05). Supplementing PAL elevated jejunal villus height (VH) and ratio of VH to crypt depth compared with the ANT group ( < 0.05). Cecal microbiota communities among the three groups were significant different, as demonstrated by distinct clusters from partial least squares discriminant analysis, although dietary treatments had no significant effects on the bacterial richness and diversity indices ( > 0.05). At genus level, the addition of PAL increased the relative abundance of and decreased that of in cecal digesta compared with those in the CON group ( < 0.05); the proportion of genus was increased by PAL treatment when compared with the ANT group ( < 0.05). Moreover, spearman's correlations showed that the modulation of cecal microflora composition by PAL supplementation was closely correlated with the promotion of growth performance (feed to gain ratio) and intestinal health-related (contents of malondialdehyde and IFN-γ, and VH value in jejunum) variables of broilers ( < 0.05). Taken together, dietary PAL could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune status, as well as intestinal barrier function in broilers, which might be partially associated with the alteration of cecal microbiota. Moreover, dietary PAL may be a promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoter for broilers.
本研究旨在探讨坡缕石（PAL）作为抗生素替代品对肉鸡生长性能、氧化状态、免疫功能、肠道屏障及盲肠微生物群落的影响。将360只1日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡随机分为3组，每组8个重复。三组肉鸡分别如下：基础日粮组（CON组）、基础日粮+50 mg/kg金霉素组（ANT组）和基础日粮+10 g/kg PAL组（PAL组）。添加PAL降低了22至42日龄肉鸡的料重比（P<0.05），其值与ANT组相似（P>0.05）。与CON组相比，饲喂添加PAL日粮的肉鸡血清中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-1β含量降低，空肠IFN-γ水平也有同样程度的降低（P<0.05）。此外，与CON组相比，PAL处理后的肉鸡空肠黏膜丙二醛含量较低（P<0.05）。与ANT组相比，添加PAL提高了空肠绒毛高度（VH）以及VH与隐窝深度的比值（P<0.05）。尽管日粮处理对细菌丰富度和多样性指数无显著影响（P>0.05），但偏最小二乘判别分析的明显聚类结果表明，三组之间的盲肠微生物群落存在显著差异。在属水平上，与CON组相比，添加PAL增加了盲肠内容物中[具体属名1]的相对丰度，降低了[具体属名2]的相对丰度（P<0.05）；与ANT组相比，PAL处理增加了[具体属名3]的比例（P<0.05）。此外，Spearman相关性分析表明，添加PAL对盲肠微生物群落组成的调节与肉鸡生长性能（料重比）和肠道健康相关指标（丙二醛和IFN-γ含量以及空肠VH值）的改善密切相关（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加PAL可改善肉鸡的生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫状态以及肠道屏障功能，这可能部分与盲肠微生物群的改变有关。此外，日粮中添加PAL可能是肉鸡抗生素生长促进剂的一个有前景的替代品。
