Mishra Sanjukta, Bahinipati Jyotirmayee, Sarangi RajLaxmi, Mohapatra Soumya Ranjan, Das Swarnalata, Mishra Amaresh
Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Campus 5, 751024 Bhubaneswar, Odisha India.
Department of Research & Development, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Campus 5, 751024 Bhubaneswar, Odisha India.
Indian J Clin Biochem. 2023 Apr;38(2):151-158. doi: 10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, non-coding RNA molecules that can modulate the expression of their target genes. Since its discovery, an enormous breakthrough has been established regarding its biogenesis and pathophysiological action, which has revolutionized the field of molecular biology. In addition, recent studies have identified the existence of stable extracellular/circulating miRNAs tissues and in biological fluids like blood where they are safeguarded from endogenous ribonuclease activity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a prime health issue worldwide. Incidence has increased considerably over the past decade. There are various tests that have been employed to diagnose T2DM. But for early detection and development, the establishment of biomarkers are of paramount importance. Contemporary evidence also validates the signature of a set of this epigenetic factor miRNA in the development of various diseases, including T2DM. This article reviews the contemporary corroboration associating miRNAs and T2DM and emphasizes the potential role of miRNA as a circulatory biomarker that could alert the growing prevalence of T2DM. Also, it acknowledges the valuable compendium of information regarding biogenesis and functional role of circulating miRNA in insulin resistance which is intimately linked to T2DM.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类内源性的小非编码RNA分子，可调节其靶基因的表达。自发现以来，在其生物发生和病理生理作用方面取得了巨大突破，彻底改变了分子生物学领域。此外，最近的研究已经确定在组织以及血液等生物体液中存在稳定的细胞外/循环miRNA，它们在内源性核糖核酸酶活性的作用下受到保护。2型糖尿病（T2DM）已成为全球主要的健康问题。在过去十年中，发病率大幅上升。已经采用了各种测试来诊断T2DM。但对于早期检测和病情发展而言，生物标志物的建立至关重要。当代证据也证实了包括T2DM在内的各种疾病发展过程中一组这种表观遗传因子miRNA的特征。本文综述了miRNA与T2DM相关的当代证据，并强调了miRNA作为循环生物标志物在警示T2DM日益流行方面的潜在作用。此外，本文还认可了有关循环miRNA在与T2DM密切相关的胰岛素抵抗中的生物发生和功能作用的宝贵信息汇编。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s12291-022-01069-1获取的补充材料。
