• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法，用中文像聊天一样搜索，搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐，让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版，准确专业，支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式，支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述，25分钟生成高质量综述，智能提取关键信息，辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

用于人类消费的兔子致昏方法及屠宰方式。

Stunning methods and slaughter of rabbits for human consumption.

作者信息

Saxmose Nielsen Søren, Alvarez Julio, Bicout Dominique Joseph, Calistri Paolo, Depner Klaus, Drewe Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji Bruno, Gonzales Rojas Jose Luis, Gortázar Schmidt Christian, Michel Virginie, Miranda Chueca Miguel Ángel, Roberts Helen Clare, Sihvonen Liisa Helena, Stahl Karl, Velarde Calvo Antonio, Viltrop Arvo, Winckler Christoph, Candiani Denise, Fabris Chiara, Mosbach-Schulz Olaf, Van der Stede Yves, Spoolder Hans

出版信息

EFSA J. 2020 Jan 9;18(1):e05927. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5927. eCollection 2020 Jan.

DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5927
PMID:32626482
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7008888/
Abstract

This opinion on the killing of rabbits for human consumption ('slaughtering') responds to two mandates: one from the European Parliament (EP) and the other from the European Commission. The opinion describes stunning methods for rabbits known to the experts in the EFSA working group, which can be used in commercial practice, and which are sufficiently described in scientific and technical literature for the development of an opinion. These are electrical stunning, mechanical stunning with a penetrative and non-penetrative captive bolt and gas stunning. The latter method is not allowed in the EU anymore following Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009, but may still be practiced elsewhere in the world. Related hazards and welfare consequences are also evaluated. To monitor stunning effectiveness as requested by the EP mandate, the opinion suggests the use of indicators for the state of consciousness, selected on the basis of their sensitivity, specificity and ease of use. Similarly, it suggests indicators to confirm animals are dead before dressing. For the European Commission mandate, slaughter processes were assessed from the arrival of rabbits in containers until their death, and grouped in three main phases: pre-stunning (including arrival, unloading of containers from the truck, lairage, handling/removing of rabbits from containers), stunning (including restraint) and bleeding (including bleeding following stunning and bleeding during slaughter without stunning). Ten welfare consequences resulting from the hazards that rabbits can be exposed to during slaughter are identified: consciousness, animal not dead, thermal stress (heat or cold stress), prolonged thirst, prolonged hunger, restriction of movements, pain, fear, distress and respiratory distress. Welfare consequences and relevant animal-based measures (indicators) are described. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, indicators, origins, preventive and corrective measures are developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences are also proposed.

摘要

这份关于为人类消费而宰杀兔子（“屠宰”）的意见回应了两项要求：一项来自欧洲议会（EP），另一项来自欧盟委员会。该意见描述了欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）工作组专家所熟知的兔子致昏方法，这些方法可用于商业实践，并且在科学技术文献中有充分描述，以便形成一份意见。这些方法包括电击致昏、使用穿透式和非穿透式栓击器的机械致昏以及气体致昏。根据欧盟理事会第1099/2009号条例（EC），后一种方法在欧盟已不再允许使用，但在世界其他地方仍可能使用。还评估了相关危害和福利后果。为按照欧洲议会要求监测致昏效果，该意见建议使用基于敏感性、特异性和易用性选择的意识状态指标。同样，它还建议使用指标来确认动物在放血前已死亡。对于欧盟委员会的要求，评估了从兔子装在容器中到达直至其死亡的屠宰过程，并将其分为三个主要阶段：致昏前（包括到达、从卡车上卸下容器、圈养、从容器中处理/取出兔子）、致昏（包括约束）和放血（包括致昏后的放血以及无致昏情况下屠宰期间的放血）。确定了兔子在屠宰过程中可能面临的危害所导致的十种福利后果：意识、动物未死亡、热应激（热或冷应激）、长期口渴、长期饥饿、活动受限、疼痛、恐惧、痛苦和呼吸窘迫。描述了福利后果和相关的基于动物的措施（指标）。为每个过程编制了将危害、福利后果、指标、来源、预防和纠正措施联系起来的结果表。还提出了将福利后果降至最低的缓解措施。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e76fba688c2e/EFS2-18-e05927-g024.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/78768c8d40ab/EFS2-18-e05927-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/aab96886219e/EFS2-18-e05927-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/4b8de8473fbe/EFS2-18-e05927-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/c85dadc1638a/EFS2-18-e05927-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/19db470e0ef1/EFS2-18-e05927-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/8ba0b0cf3eca/EFS2-18-e05927-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e0ab06fb840b/EFS2-18-e05927-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/ad4c419cba91/EFS2-18-e05927-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/d12a1d73f0fd/EFS2-18-e05927-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/d7e180a02943/EFS2-18-e05927-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/3fb74052eed2/EFS2-18-e05927-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/bb71d4a95c5c/EFS2-18-e05927-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/62de84e2c365/EFS2-18-e05927-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e0c65550ca55/EFS2-18-e05927-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/8edc1c363b7e/EFS2-18-e05927-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9e5c999846a1/EFS2-18-e05927-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/b4984363fc19/EFS2-18-e05927-g017.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/3be9aa811175/EFS2-18-e05927-g018.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9b8597df2c4f/EFS2-18-e05927-g019.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/6edb4032c80c/EFS2-18-e05927-g020.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e959eed18294/EFS2-18-e05927-g021.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9478f2d3c207/EFS2-18-e05927-g022.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/4356706826e7/EFS2-18-e05927-g023.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e76fba688c2e/EFS2-18-e05927-g024.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/78768c8d40ab/EFS2-18-e05927-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/aab96886219e/EFS2-18-e05927-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/4b8de8473fbe/EFS2-18-e05927-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/c85dadc1638a/EFS2-18-e05927-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/19db470e0ef1/EFS2-18-e05927-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/8ba0b0cf3eca/EFS2-18-e05927-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e0ab06fb840b/EFS2-18-e05927-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/ad4c419cba91/EFS2-18-e05927-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/d12a1d73f0fd/EFS2-18-e05927-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/d7e180a02943/EFS2-18-e05927-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/3fb74052eed2/EFS2-18-e05927-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/bb71d4a95c5c/EFS2-18-e05927-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/62de84e2c365/EFS2-18-e05927-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e0c65550ca55/EFS2-18-e05927-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/8edc1c363b7e/EFS2-18-e05927-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9e5c999846a1/EFS2-18-e05927-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/b4984363fc19/EFS2-18-e05927-g017.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/3be9aa811175/EFS2-18-e05927-g018.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9b8597df2c4f/EFS2-18-e05927-g019.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/6edb4032c80c/EFS2-18-e05927-g020.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e959eed18294/EFS2-18-e05927-g021.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/9478f2d3c207/EFS2-18-e05927-g022.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/4356706826e7/EFS2-18-e05927-g023.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/52d6/7008888/e76fba688c2e/EFS2-18-e05927-g024.jpg

相似文献

1
Stunning methods and slaughter of rabbits for human consumption.用于人类消费的兔子致昏方法及屠宰方式。
EFSA J. 2020 Jan 9;18(1):e05927. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5927. eCollection 2020 Jan.
2
Slaughter of animals: poultry.动物屠宰：家禽
EFSA J. 2019 Nov 13;17(11):e05849. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5849. eCollection 2019 Nov.
3
Welfare of sheep and goats at slaughter.绵羊和山羊屠宰时的福利。
EFSA J. 2021 Nov 8;19(11):e06882. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6882. eCollection 2021 Nov.
4
Welfare of pigs at slaughter.屠宰时猪的福利。
EFSA J. 2020 Jun 17;18(6):e06148. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6148. eCollection 2020 Jun.
5
Welfare of cattle at slaughter.屠宰时牛的福利。
EFSA J. 2020 Nov 3;18(11):e06275. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6275. eCollection 2020 Nov.
6
Scientific opinion concerning the killing of rabbits for purposes other than slaughter.关于出于屠宰以外目的宰杀兔子的科学意见。
EFSA J. 2020 Jan 10;18(1):e05943. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5943. eCollection 2020 Jan.
7
Killing for purposes other than slaughter: poultry.出于屠宰以外目的的杀戮：家禽。
EFSA J. 2019 Nov 13;17(11):e05850. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5850. eCollection 2019 Nov.
8
Welfare of cattle during killing for purposes other than slaughter on-farm killing of cattle.除农场宰杀牛之外，出于其他目的宰杀牛时牛的福利。
EFSA J. 2020 Nov 28;18(11):e06312. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6312. eCollection 2020 Nov.
9
Welfare of sheep and goats during killing for purposes other than slaughter.出于非屠宰目的宰杀绵羊和山羊时的福利。
EFSA J. 2024 Jun 26;22(6):e8835. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8835. eCollection 2024 Jun.
10
Welfare of pigs during killing for purposes other than slaughter.用于非屠宰目的宰杀时猪的福利。
EFSA J. 2020 Jul 20;18(7):e06195. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6195. eCollection 2020 Jul.

引用本文的文献

1
Efficacy of the Optimal Dosage of Lisinopril in Inhibiting Myofibroblast Differentiation for Attenuating Rheumatic Heart Disease Progression: An in Vitro Study.赖诺普利最佳剂量抑制肌成纤维细胞分化以减缓风湿性心脏病进展的疗效：一项体外研究
J Tehran Heart Cent. 2024 Oct;19(4):256-263. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v19i4.17610.
2
Relevant Indicators of Consciousness After Head-Only Electrical Stunning in Rabbits, Stunning Efficiency, and Risk Factors in Commercial Conditions.家兔仅头部电击致晕后的相关意识指标、致晕效率及商业条件下的风险因素
Animals (Basel). 2025 Feb 18;15(4):587. doi: 10.3390/ani15040587.
3
Animal welfare during transport, evolution, and perspectives of European Union Legislation and Policy.

本文引用的文献

1
Guidance on Communication of Uncertainty in Scientific Assessments.科学评估中不确定性信息传达指南。
EFSA J. 2019 Jan 16;17(1):e05520. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5520. eCollection 2019 Jan.
2
Guidance on Uncertainty Analysis in Scientific Assessments.科学评估中的不确定性分析指南。
EFSA J. 2018 Jan 24;16(1):e05123. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5123. eCollection 2018 Jan.
3
Impact of pre-slaughter transport conditions on stress response, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing rabbits.宰前运输条件对生长兔应激反应、胴体特征和肉质的影响。
动物运输过程中的福利、演变以及欧盟立法和政策的观点。
Open Vet J. 2024 Jul;14(7):1509-1525. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i7.1. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
4
Effects of Dietary Supplementations of Vitamin C, Organic Selenium, Betaine, and Pomegranate Peel on Alleviating the Effect of Heat Stress on Growing Rabbits.日粮补充维生素C、有机硒、甜菜碱和石榴皮对缓解热应激对生长兔影响的作用
Animals (Basel). 2024 Mar 19;14(6):950. doi: 10.3390/ani14060950.
5
Genotype by heat conditions interaction effects on growth and litter traits in rabbits.热环境条件与基因型互作对家兔生长和繁殖性状的影响
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Nov 22;9:1018625. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1018625. eCollection 2022.
6
Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers.用容器运输的家禽和家兔的福利。
EFSA J. 2022 Sep 7;20(9):e07441. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7441. eCollection 2022 Sep.
7
Impacts of Heat Stress on Rabbit Immune Function, Endocrine, Blood Biochemical Changes, Antioxidant Capacity and Production Performance, and the Potential Mitigation Strategies of Nutritional Intervention.热应激对家兔免疫功能、内分泌、血液生化变化、抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响以及营养干预的潜在缓解策略
Front Vet Sci. 2022 May 26;9:906084. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906084. eCollection 2022.
8
Pros and cons of different stunning methods from a Halal perspective: a review.从清真角度看不同致昏方法的利弊：综述
Transl Anim Sci. 2021 Oct 11;5(4):txab154. doi: 10.1093/tas/txab154. eCollection 2021 Oct.
9
Scientific opinion concerning the killing of rabbits for purposes other than slaughter.关于出于屠宰以外目的宰杀兔子的科学意见。
EFSA J. 2020 Jan 10;18(1):e05943. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5943. eCollection 2020 Jan.
Meat Sci. 2018 Dec;146:68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.035. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
4
Changes in brain architecture are consistent with altered fear processing in domestic rabbits.大脑结构的变化与家兔恐惧处理的改变一致。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 10;115(28):7380-7385. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1801024115. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
5
Mortality in rabbits transported for slaughter.运输至屠宰场的兔子的死亡率。
Anim Sci J. 2018 Jun;89(6):931-936. doi: 10.1111/asj.13002. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
6
Efficacy of Blunt Force Trauma, a Novel Mechanical Cervical Dislocation Device, and a Non-Penetrating Captive Bolt Device for On-Farm Euthanasia of Pre-Weaned Kits, Growers, and Adult Commercial Meat Rabbits.钝力创伤、一种新型机械性颈椎脱臼装置和一种非穿透性栓击式致昏器对断奶前幼兔、生长兔和成年商品肉兔进行农场安乐死的效果。
Animals (Basel). 2017 Dec 15;7(12):100. doi: 10.3390/ani7120100.
7
Reflection of the State of Hunger in Impulse Activity of Nose Wing Muscles and Upper Esophageal Sphincter during Search behavior in Rabbits.兔子搜寻行为中鼻翼肌肉和食管上括约肌冲动活动对饥饿状态的反映
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016 Jul;161(3):327-33. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3407-1. Epub 2016 Aug 5.
8
Welfare indicators during broiler slaughtering.肉鸡屠宰过程中的福利指标。
Br Poult Sci. 2015;56(1):1-5. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.991274. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
9
Influence of gas stunning and halal slaughter (no stunning) on rabbits welfare indicators and meat quality.气体致昏和清真屠宰（不致昏）对家兔福利指标和肉质的影响。
Meat Sci. 2014 Dec;98(4):701-8. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.05.017. Epub 2014 Jun 2.
10
Introducing breathlessness as a significant animal welfare issue.将呼吸急促作为一个重要的动物福利问题提出来。
N Z Vet J. 2015 Jan;63(1):44-51. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2014.940410. Epub 2014 Dec 6.