Bulk Erosion Degradation Mechanism for Poly(1,8-octanediol--citrate) Elastomer: An In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation.

As a biodegradable elastomer, poly(1,8-octanediol--citrate) (POC) has been widely applied in tissue engineering and implantable electronics. However, the unclear degradation mechanism has posed a great challenge for the better application and development of POC. To reveal the degradation mechanism, here, we present a systematic investigation into in vivo and in vitro degradation behaviors of POC. Initially, critical factors, including chemical structures, hydrophilic and water-absorbency characteristics, and degradation reaction of POC, are investigated. Then, various degradation-induced changes during in vitro degradation of POC-x (POC with different cross-linking densities) are monitored and discussed. The results show that (1) cross-linking densities exponentially drop with degradation time; (2) mass loss and PBS-absorption ratio grow nonlinearly; (3) the morphology on the cross-section changes from flat to rough at a microscopic level; (4) the cubic samples keep swelling until they collapse into fragments from a macro view; and (5) the mechanical properties experience a sharp drop at the beginning of degradation. Finally, the in vivo degradation behaviors of POC-x are investigated, and the results are similar to those in vitro. The comprehensive assessment suggests that the in vitro and in vivo degradation of POC occurs primarily through bulk erosion. Inflammation responses triggered by the degradation of POC-x are comparable to poly(lactic acid), or even less obvious. In addition, the mechanical evaluation of POC in the simulated application environment is first proposed and conducted in this work for a more appropriate application. The degradation mechanism of POC revealed will greatly promote the further development and application of POC-based materials in the biomedical field.