Kawicka Marta, Lewicki Maksymilian, Frydrychowski Piotr, Michałek Marcin, Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka
The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 31 Norwida St., 50-357, Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 47 Grunwaldzki Square, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland.
Porcine Health Manag. 2022 Sep 19;8(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40813-022-00282-x.
Electrocardiography is a method widely applied in diagnosing abnormalities in the functioning of the heart muscle in veterinary medicine. It is a non-invasive and easy to perform test helpful in the general examination and a widely used patient monitoring method during anesthesia. Since the 1980s, pigs have become more and more popular companion animals. Moreover, the pig is a widely used model animal in biomedical research. Therefore, there is need to provide them with higher-quality veterinary services, also in emergency situations. It creates new challenges for veterinarians and the need to expand their knowledge of pigs' treatment as pets. The aim of the planned experiment was to compare the ECG recordings made with two different body positions and determine if any differences occurred. Standard ECG in swine is performed under general anesthesia in the lying position on the left side, for this position of the body have been developed and reported standards in the literature. However, some procedures performed on swine require a different body position, for which there is less data in the literature.
The study was carried out on 29 Polish landrace pigs weighing in the range of 33-44 kg. The tests were performed under general anesthesia with the same protocol for each animal, placing the animals first lying down on their right side, and then on their backs. The anesthesia protocol included medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, and propofol. During the examination, ECG records were performed and analyzed in a 12-lead system with software support.
The results show significant differences in electrocardiogram recordings depending on the animal's body position. Those differences mainly concern the amplitude of the P wave and R wave in the recordings and are even more visible comparing the electrocardiograms of the same specimen. There are also some significant differences in the duration of intervals. Based on the obtained results, reference ranges for the right lateral and dorsal positions were developed.
In conclusion, the body position has a significant impact on the ECG recording in swine, therefore performing this examination, chosen normative value tables should be compatible with the position of the examined animal.
心电图是兽医学中广泛应用于诊断心肌功能异常的一种方法。它是一种非侵入性且易于执行的检查，有助于全身检查，也是麻醉期间广泛使用的患者监测方法。自20世纪80年代以来，猪越来越成为受欢迎的伴侣动物。此外，猪是生物医学研究中广泛使用的模式动物。因此，即使在紧急情况下，也需要为它们提供更高质量的兽医服务。这给兽医带来了新的挑战，也需要他们扩展作为宠物的猪的治疗知识。计划实验的目的是比较两种不同体位下的心电图记录，并确定是否存在差异。猪的标准心电图是在全身麻醉下左侧卧位进行的，文献中已针对该体位制定并报告了标准。然而，对猪进行的一些操作需要不同的体位，而关于此体位的文献数据较少。
该研究对29头体重在33 - 44千克的波兰大白猪进行。对每只动物采用相同的方案在全身麻醉下进行测试，先将动物右侧卧位躺下，然后仰卧。麻醉方案包括美托咪定、咪达唑仑、氯胺酮和丙泊酚。检查期间，在软件支持下以12导联系统进行心电图记录和分析。
结果表明，根据动物的体位，心电图记录存在显著差异。这些差异主要涉及记录中P波和R波的幅度，在比较同一样本的心电图时更为明显。间期持续时间也存在一些显著差异。根据获得的结果，制定了右侧卧位和背卧位的参考范围。
总之，体位对猪的心电图记录有显著影响，因此在进行此项检查时，所选的标准值表应与被检查动物的体位相匹配。
