Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 21;17(9):e0274801. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274801. eCollection 2022.
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a novel reliable technique with excellent potential for thermal therapies and treating breast tumours. This method involves injecting a magnetic nanofluid into the tumour and applying an external AC magnetic field to induce heat in the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and raise the tumour temperature to ablation temperature ranges. Because of the complexity of considering and coupling all different physics involves in this phenomenon and also due to the intricacy of a thorough FEM numerical study, few FEM-based studies address the entire MFH process as similar to reality as possible. The current study investigates a FEM-based three-dimensional numerical simulation of MFH of breast tumours as a multi-physics problem. An anatomically realistic breast phantom (ARBP) is considered, some magnetic nanofluid is injected inside the tumour, and the diffusion phenomenon is simulated. Then, the amount of heat generated in the MNP-saturated tumour area due to an external AC magnetic field is simulated. In the end, the fraction of tumour tissue necrotized by this temperature rise is evaluated. The study's results demonstrate that by injecting nanofluid and utilizing seven circular copper windings with each coil carrying 400 A current with a frequency of 400 kHz for generating the external AC magnetic field, the temperature in tumour tissue can be raised to a maximum of about 51.4°C, which leads to necrosis of entire tumour tissue after 30 minutes of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. This numerical platform can depict all four various physics involved in the MFH of breast tumours by numerically solving all different equation sets coupled together with high precision. Thus, the proposed model can be utilized by clinicians as a reliable tool for predicting and identifying the approximate amount of temperature rise and the necrotic fraction of breast tumour, which can be very useful to opt for the best MFH therapeutic procedure and conditions based on various patients. In future works, this numerical platform's results should be compared with experimental in-vivo results to improve and modify this platform in order to be ready for clinical applications.
磁流体热疗(MFH)是一种新颖可靠的技术,具有出色的热疗和治疗乳腺癌的潜力。该方法涉及将磁性纳米流体注入肿瘤,并施加外部交流磁场以在磁性纳米颗粒(MNPs)中产生热量,从而将肿瘤温度升高到消融温度范围。由于考虑和耦合所有不同物理现象的复杂性,以及彻底的有限元数值研究的复杂性,很少有基于有限元的研究尽可能真实地模拟整个 MFH 过程。本研究针对乳腺癌的基于有限元的三维数值模拟作为一个多物理问题进行了研究。考虑了一个解剖学上逼真的乳房模型(ARBP),在肿瘤内注入一些磁性纳米流体,并模拟了扩散现象。然后,模拟由于外部交流磁场而在 MNP 饱和肿瘤区域产生的热量。最后,评估由于温度升高而导致的肿瘤组织坏死的分数。研究结果表明,通过注入纳米流体并利用七个带有每个线圈 400A 电流的圆形铜绕组,以 400kHz 的频率产生外部交流磁场,可以将肿瘤组织的温度升高到约 51.4°C 的最大值,这导致在电磁场(EMF)暴露 30 分钟后整个肿瘤组织坏死。这个数值平台可以通过数值求解高精度耦合在一起的所有不同方程组来描绘乳腺癌 MFH 中涉及的所有四个不同物理现象。因此,所提出的模型可以被临床医生用作预测和识别乳腺癌温度升高和坏死分数的可靠工具,这对于根据各种患者选择最佳的 MFH 治疗程序和条件非常有用。在未来的工作中,应该将这个数值平台的结果与体内实验结果进行比较,以改进和修改这个平台,以便为临床应用做好准备。
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