Imran Mohd, Zouli Nasser, Ahamad Tansir, Alshehri Saad M, Chandan Mohammed Rehaan, Hussain Shahir, Aziz Abdul, Dar Mushtaq Ahmad, Khan Afzal
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University P.O. Box. 706 Jazan 45142 Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia.
Nanoscale Adv. 2021 Feb 8;3(7):1962-1975. doi: 10.1039/d1na00061f. eCollection 2021 Apr 6.
Herein, we report the investigation of the electrical and thermal conductivity of FeO and FeO@carbon (FeO@C) core-shell nanoparticle (NP)-based ferrofluids. Different sized FeO NPs were synthesized a chemical co-precipitation method followed by carbon coating as a shell over the FeO NPs the hydrothermal technique. The average particle size of FeO NPs and FeO@C core-shell NPs was found to be in the range of ∼5-25 nm and ∼7-28 nm, respectively. The thickness of the carbon shell over the FeO NPs was found to be in the range of ∼1-3 nm. The magnetic characterization revealed that the as-synthesized small average-sized FeO NPs ( 5 nm) and FeO@C core-shell NPs ( 7 nm) were superparamagnetic in nature. The electrical and thermal conductivities of FeO NPs and FeO@C core-shell NP-based ferrofluids were measured using different concentrations of NPs and with different sized NPs. Exceptional results were obtained, where the electrical conductivity was enhanced up to ∼3222% and ∼2015% for FeO ( 5 nm) and FeO@C core-shell ( 7 nm) NP-based ferrofluids compared to the base fluid, respectively. Similarly, an enhancement in the thermal conductivity of ∼153% and ∼116% was recorded for FeO ( 5 nm) and FeO@C core-shell ( 7 nm) NPs, respectively. The exceptional enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the bare FeO NP-based ferrofluid compared to that of the FeO@C core-shell NP-based ferrofluid was due to the more pronounced effect of the chain-like network formation/clustering of bare FeO NPs in the base fluid. Finally, the experimental thermal conductivity results were compared and validated against the Maxwell effective model. These results were found to be better than results reported till date using either the same or different material systems.
在此，我们报告了基于FeO和FeO@碳（FeO@C）核壳纳米颗粒（NP）的铁磁流体的电导率和热导率的研究。采用化学共沉淀法合成了不同尺寸的FeO纳米颗粒，然后通过水热技术在FeO纳米颗粒上包覆碳作为壳层。发现FeO纳米颗粒和FeO@C核壳纳米颗粒的平均粒径分别在5-25nm和7-28nm范围内。FeO纳米颗粒上碳壳的厚度在~1-3nm范围内。磁性表征表明，合成的平均粒径较小的FeO纳米颗粒（<5nm）和FeO@C核壳纳米颗粒（<7nm）本质上是超顺磁性的。使用不同浓度的纳米颗粒和不同尺寸的纳米颗粒测量了基于FeO纳米颗粒和FeO@C核壳纳米颗粒的铁磁流体的电导率和热导率。获得了优异的结果，与基础流体相比，基于FeO（<5nm）和FeO@C核壳（<7nm）纳米颗粒的铁磁流体的电导率分别提高了约3222%和2015%。同样，FeO（<5nm）和FeO@C核壳（<7nm）纳米颗粒的热导率分别提高了约153%和116%。与基于FeO@C核壳纳米颗粒的铁磁流体相比，基于裸FeO纳米颗粒的铁磁流体的热导率有异常提高，这是由于裸FeO纳米颗粒在基础流体中形成链状网络/聚集的影响更为显著。最后，将实验热导率结果与麦克斯韦有效模型进行了比较和验证。发现这些结果优于迄今使用相同或不同材料系统报道的结果。
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