Sakellari Ioanna, Kabouraki Elmina, Karanikolopoulos Dimitris, Droulias Sotiris, Farsari Maria, Loukakos Panagiotis, Vamvakaki Maria, Gray David
Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH 71110 Heraklion Crete Greece
Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete Heraklion Crete Greece.
Nanoscale Adv. 2019 Jul 9;1(9):3413-3423. doi: 10.1039/c9na00357f. eCollection 2019 Sep 11.
The development of dynamically responsive 3D photonic elements, which is crucial for the design of active integrated photonic circuits, requires the incorporation of material systems with fast and tunable response. To this end, semiconductor quantum dots have been widely used to perform as the active material system to be integrated; nonetheless, multiple-step processing is usually required for the active functions to be preserved, thereby restricting functionality of integrated 3D quantum photonic elements mostly to the infrared. Here, we report a simple scheme for the realization of visible light active 3D photonic devices by combining direct laser writing with two-photon absorption and synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles. The novel active 3D printable hybrid material is synthesized by crosslinking precursors of CdS quantum dots into a photo-structurable organic-inorganic zirconium-silicon hybrid composite integrating functional properties of both high spatial resolution and high third-order nonlinearity into the photonic matrix. As a proof-of-demonstration for 3D printed active photonic devices, woodpile photonic crystals with an inlayer periodicity down to 500 nm are successfully fabricated showing clear photonic stop bands in the visible spectral region, while for the first time, evidence of an ultrafast dynamic response in the visible is also demonstrated.
动态响应三维光子元件的发展对于有源集成光子电路的设计至关重要，这需要引入具有快速且可调响应的材料体系。为此，半导体量子点已被广泛用作待集成的有源材料体系；然而，为了保留其有源功能，通常需要多步处理，从而将集成三维量子光子元件的功能大多限制在红外区域。在此，我们报告了一种通过将直接激光写入与双光子吸收以及硫化镉（CdS）纳米颗粒的合成相结合来实现可见光有源三维光子器件的简单方案。这种新型的有源三维可打印混合材料是通过将CdS量子点的前驱体交联成一种可光结构化的有机 - 无机锆 - 硅混合复合材料而合成的，该复合材料将高空间分辨率和高三阶非线性的功能特性整合到光子矩阵中。作为三维打印有源光子器件的演示验证，成功制造出层内周期低至500 nm的木堆光子晶体，其在可见光谱区域显示出清晰的光子禁带，同时首次证明了在可见光范围内存在超快动态响应。
