Toxicological and Biochemical Description of Synergism of and Emamectin Benzoate against (Bagrall).

The prophylactic application of synthetic insecticides to manage (Bagrall) has resulted in insecticide resistance and negative impacts upon natural ecosystems. This has driven the need for developing alternative pest control strategies. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus and the insecticide emamectin benzoate on . The results of our research exhibited that higher doses of emamectin benzoate inhibited the germination rate and colony growth of . The percentage of mortality following and emamectin benzoate treatment indicated a dose-mortality effect. All concentrations of emamectin benzoate combined with different concentrations of demonstrated a synergistic effect five days post-treatment. When and emamectin benzoate were applied alone or in combination, antioxidant enzyme activities, including acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, were significantly lower in than in the controls at the end of the experimental period. The findings of our study confirm the synergistic effect of and emamectin benzoate on , as well as the biochemical process that might be involved in the regulation of the synergistic effect.