Staal Yvonne C M, Bos Peter M J, Talhout Reinskje
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Toxics. 2022 Aug 24;10(9):491. doi: 10.3390/toxics10090491.
Health risk assessment of tobacco and related products (TRPs) is highly challenging due to the variety in products, even within the product class, the complex mixture of components in the emission and the variety of user behaviour. In this paper, we summarize methods that can be used to assess the health risks associated with the use of TRPs. The choice of methods to be used and the data needed are dependent on the aim. Risk assessment can be used to identify the emission components of highest health concern. Alternatively, risk assessment methods can be used to determine the absolute risk of a TRP, which is the health risk of a product, not related to other products, or to determine the relative risk of a TRP, which is the health risk of a TRP compared to, for example, a cigarette. Generally, health risk assessment can be based on the effects of the complete mixture (whole smoke) or based on the (added) effects of individual components. Data requirements are dependent on the method used, but most methods require substantial data on identity and quantity of components in emissions and on the hazards of these components. Especially for hazards, only limited data are available. Currently, due to a lack of suitable data, quantitative risk assessment methods cannot be used to inform regulation.
由于产品种类繁多，即使在同一产品类别内，排放物中成分的复杂混合以及用户行为的多样性，烟草及相关产品（TRPs）的健康风险评估极具挑战性。在本文中，我们总结了可用于评估与使用TRPs相关的健康风险的方法。所使用方法的选择以及所需数据取决于目标。风险评估可用于识别最受健康关注的排放成分。或者，风险评估方法可用于确定TRP的绝对风险，即产品的健康风险，与其他产品无关，或用于确定TRP的相对风险，即TRP与例如香烟相比的健康风险。一般来说，健康风险评估可以基于完整混合物（全烟雾）的影响，也可以基于单个成分的（附加）影响。数据要求取决于所使用的方法，但大多数方法需要关于排放物中成分的身份和数量以及这些成分危害的大量数据。特别是对于危害，可用数据有限。目前，由于缺乏合适的数据，定量风险评估方法无法用于为监管提供信息。
