Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Aug 29;14(9):597. doi: 10.3390/toxins14090597.
A total of 603 samples of selected spices from different seasons (winter and summer) were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxin B (AFB), total AFs, and tocopherols. The findings revealed that 120 (38.7%) samples from the summer and 136 (46.4%) samples from the winter season were observed to be infected with AFB and a large amount of AFs. The highest means of both AFB and total Afs were observed in red pepper, i.e., 15.5 ± 3.90 µg/kg and 22.90 ± 4.10 µg/kg, respectively. The minimum averages of AFB and total AFs were observed in cloves of 6.32 ± 1.8 and 8.40 ± 1.60 µg/kg, respectively (from the winter season). The seasonal variations in the levels of the total AFs in selected spices were observed to be nonsignificant ( ≥ 0.05), except for the levels in red pepper and ginger samples, which showed significant differences ( ≤ 0.05). The maximum average of the dietary intake of Afs, 4.80 µg/day/kg, was found in ginger from the winter season in individual females. Furthermore, the findings document that the maximum level of total tocopherol, i.e., 44.8 ± 9.3 mg/100 g, was observed in black pepper from the winter season. A significant difference in the concentration of total tocopherols was observed in selected spices from the summer and the winter seasons ( ≤ 0.05).
从不同季节（冬季和夏季）采集的 603 份精选香料样品中分析了黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）、总 AFs 和生育酚的含量。结果表明，夏季有 120 份（38.7%）、冬季有 136 份（46.4%）样品受到 AFB 和大量 AFs 的污染。红辣椒中 AFB 和总 AFs 的最高平均值分别为 15.5 ± 3.90 µg/kg 和 22.90 ± 4.10 µg/kg。冬季丁香中 AFB 和总 AFs 的最低平均值分别为 6.32 ± 1.8 和 8.40 ± 1.60 µg/kg。除了红辣椒和生姜样品的水平差异显著（≤0.05）外，所选香料中总 AFs 的水平季节性变化无显著差异（≥0.05）。个体女性冬季食用生姜中的 Afs 日摄入量最高，平均为 4.80 µg/day/kg。此外，研究结果表明，冬季黑胡椒中的总生育酚含量最高，为 44.8 ± 9.3 mg/100 g。夏季和冬季所选香料中的总生育酚浓度存在显著差异（≤0.05）。
