Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Sep 8;14(9):627. doi: 10.3390/toxins14090627.
Fusarium Head Blight is a devastating disease of wheat caused by a complex of species producing a wide range of mycotoxins. species occurrence is variable in different geographical areas and subjected to a continuous evolution in their distribution. A total of 141 durum wheat field samples were collected in different regions of Italy in three years, and analyzed for species and related mycotoxin occurrence. Mycotoxin contamination varied according to year and geographical origin. The highest mycotoxin contamination was detected in 2014. Deoxynivalenol was detected with an average of 240 µg/kg only in Central and Northern Italy; and T-2 and HT-2 toxins with an average of 150 µg/kg in Southern Italy. Approximately 80% of samples from Southern Italy in 2013/2014 showed T-2 and HT-2 levels over the EU recommended limits. occurred mostly in Northern Italy, while occurred in Southern Italy. These data showed that a real mycotoxin risk related to exists on the whole in Italy, but varies according with geographical areas and environmental conditions. Consistent monitoring of species and related mycotoxin distribution on a long period is worthwhile to generate more accurate knowledge on species profile and mycotoxins associated and better establish the climatic change impact on wheat epidemiology.
镰刀菌顶腐病是一种由多种产毒真菌组成的复杂疾病，会对小麦造成毁灭性影响，这些真菌可产生多种霉菌毒素。不同地理区域的产毒真菌发生情况各不相同，其分布也在不断演变。在三年时间里，我们从意大利不同地区采集了 141 份硬质小麦田间样本，分析了产毒真菌的发生情况及其相关霉菌毒素的污染情况。根据年份和地理来源的不同，霉菌毒素的污染情况也有所不同。2014 年的污染最为严重。在意大利中北部，仅检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的平均含量为 240µg/kg；在意大利南部，检测到 T-2 和 HT-2 毒素的平均含量为 150µg/kg。2013/2014 年来自意大利南部的大约 80%的样本中 T-2 和 HT-2 的含量超过了欧盟规定的限量。主要在意大利北部发现禾谷镰刀菌，而在意大利南部发现层出镰刀菌。这些数据表明，意大利整体上确实存在与产毒真菌相关的霉菌毒素风险，但因地理区域和环境条件的不同而有所差异。对产毒真菌和相关霉菌毒素的分布进行长期的持续监测，有助于更准确地了解产毒真菌的特征和相关霉菌毒素，并更好地确定气候变化对小麦产毒真菌病流行病学的影响。
