Tabassum Shawana, Nayemuzzaman S K, Kala Manish, Kumar Mishra Akhilesh, Mishra Satyendra Kumar
Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA.
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 13;22(18):6896. doi: 10.3390/s22186896.
Performance of photonic devices critically depends upon their efficiency on controlling the flow of light therein. In the recent past, the implementation of plasmonics, two-dimensional (2D) materials and metamaterials for enhanced light-matter interaction (through concepts such as sub-wavelength light confinement and dynamic wavefront shape manipulation) led to diverse applications belonging to spectroscopy, imaging and optical sensing etc. While 2D materials such as graphene, MoS etc., are still being explored in optical sensing in last few years, the application of plasmonics and metamaterials is limited owing to the involvement of noble metals having a constant electron density. The capability of competently controlling the electron density of noble metals is very limited. Further, due to absorption characteristics of metals, the plasmonic and metamaterial devices suffer from large optical loss. Hence, the photonic devices (sensors, in particular) require that an efficient dynamic control of light at nanoscale through field (electric or optical) variation using substitute low-loss materials. One such option may be plasmonic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces are arrays of optical antenna-like anisotropic structures (sub-wavelength size), which are designated to control the amplitude and phase of reflected, scattered and transmitted components of incident light radiation. The present review put forth recent development on metamaterial and metastructure-based various sensors.
光子器件的性能严重依赖于其控制光在其中传播的效率。在最近，等离子体激元学、二维（2D）材料和超材料的应用（通过诸如亚波长光限制和动态波前形状操纵等概念）实现了增强的光与物质相互作用，从而带来了光谱学、成像和光学传感等多种应用。尽管诸如石墨烯、二硫化钼等二维材料在过去几年中仍在光学传感领域进行探索，但由于涉及具有恒定电子密度的贵金属，等离子体激元学和超材料的应用受到限制。有效控制贵金属电子密度的能力非常有限。此外，由于金属的吸收特性，等离子体激元和超材料器件存在较大的光学损耗。因此，光子器件（尤其是传感器）需要通过使用替代的低损耗材料，通过场（电或光）变化在纳米尺度上对光进行有效的动态控制。等离子体超表面可能是一种这样的选择。超表面是类似光学天线的各向异性结构（亚波长尺寸）阵列，其旨在控制入射光辐射的反射、散射和透射分量的幅度和相位。本综述阐述了基于超材料和超结构的各种传感器的最新进展。
