Vivaldi F, Dallinger A, Poma N, Bonini A, Biagini D, Salvo P, Borghi F, Tavanti A, Greco F, Di Francesco F
Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
APL Bioeng. 2022 Sep 19;6(3):036104. doi: 10.1063/5.0093301. eCollection 2022 Sep.
The scientific community has shown increasing interest in laser scribing for the direct fabrication of conductive graphene-based tracks on different substrates. This can enable novel routes for the noninvasive analysis of biofluids (such as sweat or other noninvasive matrices), whose results can provide the rapid evaluation of a person's health status. Here, we present a wearable sensing platform based on laser induced graphene (LIG) porous electrodes scribed on a flexible polyimide sheet, which samples sweat through a paper sampler. The device is fully laser manufactured and features a two layer design with LIG-based vertical interconnect accesses. A detailed characterization of the LIG electrodes including pore size, surface groups, surface area in comparison to electroactive surface area, and the reduction behavior of different LIG types was performed. The bare LIG electrodes can detect the electrochemical oxidation of both uric acid and tyrosine. Further modification of the surface of the LIG working electrode with an indoaniline derivative [4-((4-aminophenyl)imino)-2,6-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one] enables the voltammetric measurement of pH with an almost ideal sensitivity and without interference from other analytes. Finally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the concentrations of ions through the analysis of the sweat impedance. The device was successfully tested in a real case scenario, worn on the skin during a sports session. In vitro tests proved the non-cytotoxic effect of the device on the A549 cell line.
科学界对激光划刻在不同基底上直接制备基于石墨烯的导电轨迹表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣。这为生物流体（如汗液或其他非侵入性基质）的非侵入性分析开辟了新途径，其结果可用于快速评估个人健康状况。在此，我们展示了一种基于激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）多孔电极的可穿戴传感平台，该电极刻划在柔性聚酰亚胺片上，并通过纸质采样器采集汗液。该设备完全由激光制造，采用两层设计，具有基于LIG的垂直互连通道。对LIG电极进行了详细表征，包括孔径、表面基团、与电活性表面积相比的表面积以及不同LIG类型的还原行为。裸露的LIG电极能够检测尿酸和酪氨酸的电化学氧化。用吲哚苯胺衍生物[4 - ((4 - 氨基苯基)亚氨基)-2,6 - 二甲氧基环己 - 2,5 - 二烯 - 1 - 酮]对LIG工作电极表面进行进一步修饰，可实现对pH的伏安测量，具有近乎理想的灵敏度且不受其他分析物干扰。最后，通过分析汗液阻抗，利用电化学阻抗谱测量离子浓度。该设备在实际场景中成功进行了测试，即在体育活动期间佩戴在皮肤上。体外测试证明了该设备对A549细胞系无细胞毒性作用。
