Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Austria.
J Sports Sci Med. 2022 Sep 1;21(3):465-472. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2022.465. eCollection 2022 Sep.
In the last decades, indoor volleyball has experienced significant rule changes and a high player specialization in both sexes. Different spike attack arm swing techniques have developed which might affect performance and risk of injury. While a variety of arm swing techniques was already shown in world class beach volleyball players, it is unclear if this is also true for world class indoor volleyball. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the spike attack arm swing techniques of Olympic volleyball winners and finalists (1984-2021) and to investigate possible differences between sex, playing position, scoring system, and compared to beach volleyball. Eighty-two male (M) and 85 female (F) players were assessed from video recordings from ten competitions. Five different arm swing techniques in the cocking phase (Straight, Bow-and-arrow high, Bow-and-arrow low, Snap, Circular) were classified by two experts. The most frequent technique for both sexes was the Circular (M = 40.2%; F = 38.8%), followed by Snap (M = 28.0%; F = 23.5%), Bow-and-arrow low (M = 20.7%; F = 21.2%), Bow-and-arrow high (M = 7.3% F = 11.8%), and Straight (M = 3.7%; F = 4.7%). Bow-and-arrow high and Straight techniques were significantly less used than other techniques in both sexes. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in arm swing techniques between sexes, playing positions, and scoring system but significant differences (p < 0.001) to beach volleyball. Although most volleyball textbooks only describe the Bow-and-arrow techniques, most of the world class indoor volleyball players used Circular and Snap arm swing techniques. Reasons for that could be the implicit knowledge of players (and coaches) regarding increased performance (ball speed) and injury prevention. Based on these results we suggest to critically revise arm swing technique training especially for young players and players with shoulder problems.
在过去的几十年里，室内排球经历了重大的规则变化和男女运动员的高度专业化。不同的扣球攻击臂摆动技术已经发展起来，这可能会影响表现和受伤的风险。虽然已经在世界级沙滩排球运动员中展示了各种臂摆技术，但对于世界级室内排球运动员来说，情况是否也是如此还不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是评估奥运会排球冠军和决赛选手（1984-2021 年）的扣球攻击臂摆动技术，并调查性别、比赛位置、计分系统之间的可能差异，并与沙滩排球进行比较。从十项比赛的视频记录中评估了 82 名男性（M）和 85 名女性（F）运动员。在扣球阶段（直臂、弓箭高、弓箭低、甩臂、划圆）将五种不同的臂摆技术进行分类，由两位专家进行评估。两种性别最常见的技术都是划圆（M=40.2%；F=38.8%），其次是甩臂（M=28.0%；F=23.5%），弓箭低（M=20.7%；F=21.2%），弓箭高（M=7.3%；F=11.8%），直臂（M=3.7%；F=4.7%）。弓箭高和直臂技术在两种性别中都明显比其他技术使用得少。在性别、比赛位置和计分系统方面，臂摆技术没有显著差异（p > 0.05），但与沙滩排球有显著差异（p < 0.001）。尽管大多数排球教材只描述了弓箭技术，但大多数世界级室内排球运动员使用的是划圆和甩臂臂摆技术。原因可能是运动员（和教练）对于增加球速和预防受伤的隐含知识。基于这些结果，我们建议对臂摆技术训练进行批判性审查，特别是对于年轻运动员和肩部有问题的运动员。
