Cui Dongyu, Kong Lingchao, Wang Yi, Zhu Yuanqing, Zhang Chuanlun
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2022 May 21;11:100187. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100187. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Microorganisms in natural environments are crucial in maintaining the material and energy cycle and the ecological balance of the environment. However, it is challenging to delineate environmental microbes' actual metabolic pathways and intraspecific heterogeneity because most microorganisms cannot be cultivated. Raman spectroscopy is a culture-independent technique that can collect molecular vibration profiles from cells. It can reveal the physiological and biochemical information at the single-cell level rapidly and non-destructively . The first part of this review introduces the principles, advantages, progress, and analytical methods of Raman spectroscopy applied in environmental microbiology. The second part summarizes the applications of Raman spectroscopy combined with stable isotope probing (SIP), fluorescence hybridization (FISH), Raman-activated cell sorting and genomic sequencing, and machine learning in microbiological studies. Finally, this review discusses expectations of Raman spectroscopy and future advances to be made in identifying microorganisms, especially for uncultured microorganisms.
自然环境中的微生物对于维持物质和能量循环以及环境的生态平衡至关重要。然而，由于大多数微生物无法培养，因此描绘环境微生物的实际代谢途径和种内异质性具有挑战性。拉曼光谱是一种无需培养的技术，可从细胞中收集分子振动图谱。它可以快速且无损地揭示单细胞水平的生理和生化信息。本综述的第一部分介绍了拉曼光谱应用于环境微生物学的原理、优势、进展和分析方法。第二部分总结了拉曼光谱与稳定同位素探测（SIP）、荧光杂交（FISH）、拉曼激活细胞分选和基因组测序以及机器学习在微生物学研究中的应用。最后，本综述讨论了对拉曼光谱的期望以及在鉴定微生物，特别是未培养微生物方面未来取得的进展。
