PITPNC1 promotes the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue under acute cold exposure.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in non-shivering thermogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PITPNC1) is identified as a lipid transporter that reciprocally transfers phospholipids between intracellular membrane structures. However, the physiological significance of PITPNC1 and its regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PITPNC1 is a key player in thermogenesis of BAT. While Pitpnc1 mice do not differ with wildtype mice in body weight and insulin sensitivity on either chow or high-fat diet, they develop hypothermia when subjected to acute cold exposure at 4°C. The Pitpnc1 brown adipocytes exhibit defective β-oxidation and abnormal thermogenesis-related metabolism pathways in mitochondria. The deficiency of lipid mobilization in Pitpnc1 brown adipocytes might be the result of excessive accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and a reduction of phosphatidic acid. Our findings have uncovered significant roles of PITPNC1 in mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and BAT thermogenesis.