2022 年 3 月 29 日至 7 月 25 日，19 个州养老院居民中第二剂 COVID-19 加强疫苗对感染、住院或死亡的有效性。
Effectiveness of a Second COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose Against Infection, Hospitalization, or Death Among Nursing Home Residents - 19 States, March 29-July 25, 2022.
出版信息
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 30;71(39):1235-1238. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7139a2.
Nursing home residents continue to experience significant COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (1). On March 29, 2022, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster dose for adults aged ≥50 years and all immunocompromised persons who had received a first booster ≥4 months earlier.* On September 1, 2022, ACIP voted to recommend bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine boosters for all persons aged ≥12 years who had completed the primary series using monovalent vaccines ≥2 months earlier (2). Data on COVID-19 booster dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the nursing home population are limited (3). For this analysis, academic, federal, and private partners evaluated routine care data collected from 196 U.S. community nursing homes to estimate VE of a second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among nursing home residents who had received 3 previous COVID-19 vaccine doses (2 primary series doses and 1 booster dose). Residents who received second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses during March 29-June 15, 2022, with follow-up through July 25, 2022, were found to have 60-day VE of 25.8% against SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19 infection), 73.9% against severe COVID-19 outcomes (a combined endpoint of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations or deaths), and 89.6% against COVID-19-associated deaths alone. During this period, subvariants BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 (March-June 2022), and BA.4 and BA.5 (July 2022) of the B.1.1.529 and BA.2 (Omicron) variant were predominant. These findings suggest that among nursing home residents, second mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster doses provided additional protection over first booster doses against severe COVID-19 outcomes during a time of emerging Omicron variants. Facilities should continue to ensure that nursing home residents remain up to date with COVID-19 vaccination, including bivalent vaccine booster doses, to prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes.
养老院居民继续经历重大的 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率 (1)。2022 年 3 月 29 日，免疫实践咨询委员会 (ACIP) 建议为≥50 岁的成年人和所有≥4 个月前接受过第一次加强针的免疫功能低下者接种第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗加强针*。2022 年 9 月 1 日，ACIP 投票决定建议所有≥12 岁的人接种二价 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗加强针，这些人之前使用单价疫苗完成了初级系列接种≥2 个月 (2)。关于养老院人群 COVID-19 加强针疫苗有效性 (VE)的数据有限 (3)。在这项分析中，学术、联邦和私人合作伙伴评估了从美国 196 家社区养老院收集的常规护理数据，以估计≥12 岁的人接种第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗加强针的有效性，这些人之前接受过 3 剂 COVID-19 疫苗 (2 剂初级系列和 1 剂加强针)。在 2022 年 3 月 29 日至 6 月 15 日期间接种第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗加强针，并在 2022 年 7 月 25 日之前进行随访的居民，在 60 天内对 SARS-CoV-2（引起 COVID-19 感染的病毒）的 VE 为 25.8%，对严重 COVID-19 结局（COVID-19 相关住院或死亡的联合终点）的 VE 为 73.9%，对 COVID-19 相关死亡的 VE 为 89.6%。在此期间，BA.2 和 BA.2.12.1（2022 年 3 月至 6 月）和 BA.4 和 BA.5（2022 年 7 月）亚变体占主导地位。这些发现表明，在养老院居民中，与第一次加强针相比，第二剂 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗加强针在 Omicron 变体出现期间针对严重 COVID-19 结局提供了额外的保护。设施应继续确保养老院居民及时接种 COVID-19 疫苗，包括二价疫苗加强针，以预防严重的 COVID-19 结局。
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