颌面创伤的病因和类型。
Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma.
机构信息
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Sep 29;17(9):e0275515. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275515. eCollection 2022.
INTRODUCTION
Maxillofacial trauma can be limited to superficial lacerations, abrasions, and facial bone fractures. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, pattern, and predictors of soft tissue and bony injuries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery Lady Reading hospital Pakistan from Jan 2019 to June 2021. The nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of patients. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. The neurosensory examination was done for any altered sensation, anesthesia, or paresthesia. Motor nerve function was also assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma were stratified among age and genders using the chi-square test to see effect modifiers. Tests for regression analysis were also applied. P≤0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
A total of 253 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males, 223 (88.1%), while only 30 (11.9%) were females. The mean age for the group was 25.4 ± 12.6 years. RTAs were the most common causes of trauma (63.6%) followed by assault (15.0%), falls (11.5%), FAIs (5.9%), and sports (0.4%). The most vulnerable skeletal part was the mandible (22.9%) followed by Zygoma (7.1%), significantly predicted by RTAs. Soft tissue laceration analysis showed a high frequency of multiple lacerations (38%) significantly predicted by FAIs. The frequency of trigeminal nerve injury was 5.5% (14 patients) and that of the facial nerve was 1.6% (4 patients). The strongest association of nerve injury was with firearm injury (47%), followed by road traffic accidents and sports injuries.
CONCLUSION
Road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor and mandible fracture was commonly predicted by RTA. Trigeminal nerve injuries were common, frequency of nerve injuries was highly associated with mandible fracture and was predicted by FAI.
简介
颌面外伤可局限于表浅裂伤、擦伤和面部骨骨折。本研究的目的是确定软组织和骨损伤的病因、类型和预测因素。
材料与方法
本研究于 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 6 月在巴基斯坦拉丁女士阅读医院颌面外科进行。采用非概率连续抽样技术选择患者。所有患者均进行临床和影像学评估。进行神经感觉检查以确定任何感觉改变、感觉缺失或感觉异常。还进行了运动神经功能的临床评估。使用 SPSS 版本 26 分析数据。使用卡方检验观察年龄和性别对颌面外伤的病因和类型的影响修饰因子，对分类变量进行分层。还应用了回归分析检验。P≤0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
共有 253 名符合纳入标准的患者纳入本研究。大多数患者为男性，223 名（88.1%），而只有 30 名（11.9%）为女性。该组的平均年龄为 25.4±12.6 岁。交通伤是最常见的外伤原因（63.6%），其次是攻击伤（15.0%）、跌倒伤（11.5%）、面部火器伤（5.9%）和运动伤（0.4%）。最脆弱的骨骼部位是下颌骨（22.9%），其次是颧骨（7.1%），这主要与交通伤有关。软组织裂伤分析显示，多发裂伤频率较高（38%），这主要与面部火器伤有关。三叉神经损伤的频率为 5.5%（14 例），面神经损伤的频率为 1.6%（4 例）。神经损伤最强的关联是与火器伤（47%），其次是道路交通事故和运动损伤。
结论
交通伤是最常见的病因，下颌骨骨折主要由交通伤引起。三叉神经损伤常见，神经损伤频率与下颌骨骨折高度相关，主要与面部火器伤有关。
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