Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de La Recherche Et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Univ. Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
Département Des Productions Animales, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, 1054, Carthage, Tunisia.
Parasitol Res. 2022 Dec;121(12):3561-3567. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07680-8. Epub 2022 Oct 1.
Free-range chickens are infected by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) mainly when they pick-up their food from the ground. The present study was performed to estimate the molecular prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chicken meat (breast and thigh muscles) and their offal (heart and gizzard). The molecular characterization and the phylogeny of T. gondii amplicons were also investigated. Two PCRs were compared, the first targeting B1 gene and a nested PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1 gene. Among the 60 tested birds, 47 free-range chickens had at least one positive PCR, i.e., a prevalence of 78.3% (95% CI: 67.9-88.7%). The prevalence of T. gondii infection in muscles and organs analyzed by specific PCR targeting B1 gene (43.3%; 95% CI: 37-49.6%) was significantly higher than those analyzed for ITS-1 gene detection (15%; 95%CI: 10.4-19.5%) (p < 0.001). Heart samples had the highest T. gondii infection prevalence, as well as targeting either B1 gene (48.3%; 95% CI: 35.6-60.9%) or ITS-1 gene (21.6%; 95% CI: 11.2-32%). The present study showed that the consumption of undercooked free-range chicken meat represents a high risk for seronegative pregnant women. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed homology with wild and domestic birds and domestic mammals and a large geographic distribution.
散养鸡主要通过从地面捡起食物来感染刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii，T. gondii）。本研究旨在估计散养鸡肉（鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉）及其内脏（心脏和肌胃）中刚地弓形虫的分子流行率。还研究了刚地弓形虫扩增子的分子特征和系统发育。比较了两种 PCR，第一种针对 B1 基因，第二种是针对内部转录间隔区 ITS-1 基因的巢式 PCR。在 60 只受检禽类中，有 47 只散养鸡至少有一次 PCR 呈阳性，即流行率为 78.3%（95%CI：67.9-88.7%）。针对 B1 基因的特定 PCR 分析肌肉和器官中的刚地弓形虫感染率（43.3%；95%CI：37-49.6%）明显高于针对 ITS-1 基因检测的感染率（15%；95%CI：10.4-19.5%）（p < 0.001）。心脏样本的刚地弓形虫感染率最高，针对 B1 基因（48.3%；95% CI：35.6-60.9%）或 ITS-1 基因（21.6%；95% CI：11.2-32%）的检测均如此。本研究表明，食用未煮熟的散养鸡肉对血清阴性孕妇来说是一个高风险因素。我们的系统发育分析显示与野生和家养鸟类以及家养哺乳动物具有同源性，并且具有广泛的地理分布。
