Seafood Processing Department, Marine Science Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Jan 5;222:115084. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115084. Epub 2022 Sep 28.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common types of neurodegenerative disorders. It is possible to identify AD early thanks to the measurement of specific biomarker levels. Owing to crucial roles of biomarkers in the AD, the detection of AD-related biomarkers may be suitable for predictive identification of AD. Biosensors is a novel tool that could be beneficial to appreciate recognition of several AD biomarkers as early as possible. Graphene and its derivatives containing graphene oxide (GO) and reduced-GO (rGO) can be good choice for biosensing approaches due to their unique properties. GO/rGO-based biosensors or nanosensors have been widely used for the determination of AD biomarkers. In this article, the general aspects of AD, its biomarkers, biosensors, and GO are overviewed. In addition, this review provides the current developments in the applications of graphene-based biosensors for recognition of AD biomarkers. Future perspectives and challenges of graphene-based biosensing as a new approach for detection of AD are discussed in brief as well.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一。由于可以测量特定的生物标志物水平，因此可以早期识别 AD。由于生物标志物在 AD 中的关键作用，检测 AD 相关的生物标志物可能适合用于 AD 的预测性识别。生物传感器是一种新的工具，它可以有助于尽早识别几种 AD 生物标志物。由于其独特的性质，含有氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）的石墨烯及其衍生物是生物传感方法的理想选择。基于 GO/rGO 的生物传感器或纳米传感器已被广泛用于测定 AD 生物标志物。在本文中，概述了 AD 的一般方面、其生物标志物、生物传感器和 GO。此外，本综述还介绍了基于石墨烯的生物传感器在识别 AD 生物标志物方面的最新应用进展。简要讨论了基于石墨烯的生物传感作为 AD 检测新方法的未来前景和挑战。
