Department of Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA.
J Environ Public Health. 2022 Sep 19;2022:7346408. doi: 10.1155/2022/7346408. eCollection 2022.
Firefighting is a strenuous occupation that requires firefighters to be in peak physical condition. However, many firefighters have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, impaired musculoskeletal health, and are not physically fit for duty, which all negatively impact their occupational performance. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors, musculoskeletal health, physical fitness, and occupational performance in firefighters.
The electronic databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched online via the library portal of the University of the Western Cape. Publications and grey literature between the years 2000 to present were used. In total, 2607 articles were identified; after the removal of duplicates 1188 articles were then screened, and were excluded for not meeting initial screening criteria. The remaining 209 full-text articles were screened based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, where 163 articles were excluded. Only studies that were quantitative were included. This left 46 articles that were then finally included in the current narrative review.
The current literature indicated that significant relationships existed between cardiovascular risk factors, musculoskeletal health, physical fitness, and occupational performance. The results indicated firefighters who were aged, obese, physically inactive, cigarette smokers, and unfit were at the highest risk for cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health complications, and unsatisfactory occupational performance. Musculoskeletal health complications significantly affected occupational performance and work ability and were related to physical fitness of firefighters. Most cardiovascular risk factors were related to physical fitness, and all physical fitness parameters were related to occupational performance in firefighters.
The overwhelming evidence in the current review established that physical fitness is related to occupational performance. However, the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and musculoskeletal health in relation to occupational performance is less clear and still understudied. Significant gaps remain in the literature.
消防工作是一项艰苦的职业，需要消防员保持最佳的身体状态。然而，许多消防员存在心血管疾病风险因素、肌肉骨骼健康受损以及身体不适宜执行任务等问题，这些因素都对他们的职业表现产生负面影响。因此，本综述的目的是确定消防员的心血管疾病风险因素、肌肉骨骼健康、身体健康和职业表现之间的关系。
通过西开普大学图书馆门户在电子数据库 PubMed、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science 上在线搜索。使用了 2000 年至今的出版物和灰色文献。总共确定了 2607 篇文章，去除重复后筛选出 1188 篇文章，然后排除不符合初始筛选标准的文章。根据纳入和排除标准对剩余的 209 篇全文文章进行筛选，其中 163 篇被排除。仅纳入定量研究。这留下了 46 篇文章，最终纳入本叙事综述。
目前的文献表明，心血管风险因素、肌肉骨骼健康、身体健康和职业表现之间存在显著关系。结果表明，年龄较大、肥胖、身体活动不足、吸烟和不适合的消防员患心血管和肌肉骨骼健康并发症以及职业表现不佳的风险最高。肌肉骨骼健康并发症显著影响职业表现和工作能力，与消防员的身体健康有关。大多数心血管风险因素与身体健康有关，所有身体健康参数都与消防员的职业表现有关。
本综述中的大量证据表明，身体健康与职业表现有关。然而，心血管风险因素与肌肉骨骼健康与职业表现之间的关系不太清楚，仍需要进一步研究。文献中仍然存在重大差距。
