Piątkowski Krzysztof, von Bastian Claudia C, Zawadzka Katarzyna, Hanczakowski Maciej
Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Cognitive Studies.
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2023 Mar;49(3):371-388. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001188. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Distraction embedded in working memory tasks leads to impaired performance. This impairment is mitigated when targets and distractors that follow them share common features-a signature effect of interference by superposition. Here we propose that target-distractor similarity modulates not only forgetting from working memory but also encoding into long-term memory. In five experiments, we test this elaboration-by-superposition hypothesis, demonstrating that semantic relatedness between targets and distractors benefits delayed category-cued recall performance (Experiments 1a and 1b), which is not due to carry-over effects from working memory testing (Experiment 2). Just as in the case of working memory, this long-term memory effect is reduced when distractors precede targets (Experiment 3). Finally, we show that while high target-distractor similarity reduces forgetting from working memory, it produces net benefits for long-term memory performance (Experiment 4). Together, the results suggest that common mechanisms underlie encoding into working and long-term memory, and that bindings between features of spatiotemporal context and features of to-be-remembered items play a crucial role. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
工作记忆任务中嵌入的干扰会导致表现受损。当目标及其后的干扰项具有共同特征时，这种损害会得到缓解——这是叠加干扰的标志性效应。在此，我们提出目标-干扰项相似性不仅会调节工作记忆中的遗忘，还会调节长时记忆的编码。在五项实验中，我们检验了这种叠加细化假设，证明目标与干扰项之间的语义相关性有利于延迟类别线索回忆表现（实验1a和1b），这并非工作记忆测试的遗留效应所致（实验2）。与工作记忆的情况一样，当干扰项先于目标出现时，这种长时记忆效应会减弱（实验3）。最后，我们表明，虽然高目标-干扰项相似性减少了工作记忆中的遗忘，但它对长时记忆表现产生了净收益（实验4）。总之，结果表明，工作记忆和长时记忆的编码有共同的机制，并且时空背景特征与待记忆项目特征之间的绑定起着关键作用。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2023美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
