Dessalegn Berhe, Enqueselassie Fikre, Kaba Mirgissa, Assefa Mathewos, Addissie Adamu
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 20;12:997158. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.997158. eCollection 2022.
Oesophageal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in Ethiopia. Its occurrences vary among regional states of the country. The identification of local risk factors of oesophageal cancer will make it simple to design a focused intervention. On local risk factors, there is, however, a shortage of empirical evidence. Therefore, the aim of study was to identify local risk factors.
An unmatched case control study design was employed. From February 2019 to August 2020, 338 histologically confirmed cases and 338 controls were recruited consecutively from six health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's capital city. To collect data from the cases and the controls, face to face interviews were conducted. Epi-info version 7 was used to enter and cleaned data, and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze it. The odds ratio was calculated based on hierarchal model multivariable logistic regression, and statistically significance was declared at p-value of <0.05.
The mean (SD) age of the cases and the controls was 54.3 ± 12.5 years old and 40.2 ± 13.7 years old, respectively. The odds of oesophageal cancer was significantly higher among older ages (OR =11.0, 95% CI [6.60, 20.91]), rural residents (OR = 4.2, 95% CI [1.04, 16.80]), and those who had history of smoking (OR =1.3, 95% CI [1.12, 1.60]), khat chewing (OR = 4.0, 95% CI [2.50, 6.60]), raw meat consumers (OR = 2.6, 95% CI [1.75, 3.90]). Increasing monthly income (OR = 0.2, CI 95% [0.09, 0.49]) and a habit of eating fruits or vegetables (OR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.32, 0.76]) were associated with lower risks.
Tobacco smoking, khat chewing, age, residency, and red raw meat consumption were discovered to be positive predictors of oesophageal cancer, whereas fruit or vegetable consumption and higher monthly income were discovered to be inversely associated. It is advised to avoid the use of khat and tobacco, as well as to avail fruits and vegetables in dish.
食管癌是埃塞俄比亚最常见的癌症之一。其发病率在该国不同地区有所差异。确定食管癌的当地风险因素将便于设计针对性的干预措施。然而，关于当地风险因素，实证证据不足。因此，本研究的目的是确定当地风险因素。
采用非匹配病例对照研究设计。2019年2月至2020年8月，从埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的六个医疗机构连续招募了338例经组织学确诊的病例和338名对照。通过面对面访谈收集病例和对照的数据。使用Epi-info 7版录入和清理数据，并使用SPSS 23版进行分析。基于分层模型多变量逻辑回归计算比值比，p值<0.05时具有统计学意义。
病例组和对照组的平均（标准差）年龄分别为54.3±12.5岁和40.2±13.7岁。食管癌的发病几率在老年人（OR =11.0，95%可信区间[6.60, 20.91]）、农村居民（OR = 4.2，95%可信区间[1.04, 16.80]）以及有吸烟史者（OR =1.3，95%可信区间[1.12, 1.60]）、咀嚼恰特草者（OR = 4.0，95%可信区间[2.50, 6.60]）、食用生肉者（OR = 2.6，95%可信区间[1.75, 3.90]）中显著更高。月收入增加（OR = 0.2，95%可信区间[0.09, 0.49]）以及有食用水果或蔬菜的习惯（OR = 0.49，95%可信区间[0.32, 0.76]）与较低风险相关。
发现吸烟、咀嚼恰特草、年龄、居住情况和食用生红肉是食管癌的正向预测因素，而食用水果或蔬菜以及较高的月收入与之呈负相关。建议避免使用恰特草和烟草，以及在菜肴中提供水果和蔬菜。
