Lončar Dejan, Tyack Nicholas Brown, Krstić Vesna, Paunković Jane
Institute of Global Health - University of Geneva, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
Heliyon. 2022 Sep 24;8(10):e10729. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10729. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Even though industrial development has brought vast improvements to our daily lives, it carries with it negative effects such as adverse health outcomes caused by PM and other pollutants. The negative externalities and external costs might occur when property rights are not properly defined, which means that if no one holds a property right on the atmosphere and the quality of air, there is no appropriate mechanism to prevent a further expansion of negative effects. An economic burden of pollution related to premature morbidity and mortality in individual countries can account for 5-14% of GDP (World Bank, 2021). In 2019, the worldwide health cost of mortality and morbidity caused by exposure to PM concentration was $8.1 trillion, which is equivalent to 6.1 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP) (World Bank estimate). Policymakers require evidence-based results that clearly show the impact that air pollution has on the economy and society, in order to be able to establish the proper regulations and ensure their successful implementation. The purpose of this long term study is to provide methods for assessing the negative effects of PM concentration on PM-related mortality using panel data structure and demonstrate how socio-economic factors affect this relation. This study employed advanced econometric techniques to analyse the long-term impact of PM on human health, while controlling for socio economic indicators. This study has demonstrated significant effects of socio-economic, health risk and system and governance variables on the relation between PM concentration and PM-related mortality.
尽管工业发展给我们的日常生活带来了巨大改善，但它也带来了负面影响，如由细颗粒物（PM）和其他污染物导致的不良健康后果。当产权未得到妥善界定时，可能会产生负面外部性和外部成本，这意味着如果没有人对大气和空气质量拥有产权，就没有适当的机制来阻止负面影响的进一步扩大。单个国家与过早发病和死亡相关的污染经济负担可能占国内生产总值（GDP）的5%-14%（世界银行，2021年）。2019年，因接触PM浓度而导致的全球死亡和发病的健康成本为8.1万亿美元，相当于全球国内生产总值（GDP）的6.1%（世界银行估计）。政策制定者需要基于证据的结果，以清楚表明空气污染对经济和社会的影响，以便能够制定适当的法规并确保其成功实施。这项长期研究的目的是提供使用面板数据结构评估PM浓度对与PM相关死亡率的负面影响的方法，并展示社会经济因素如何影响这种关系。本研究采用先进的计量经济学技术来分析PM对人类健康的长期影响，同时控制社会经济指标。本研究表明，社会经济、健康风险以及系统和治理变量对PM浓度与PM相关死亡率之间的关系具有显著影响。
