Várhidi Zsóka, Máté Marietta, Ózsvári László
Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Sep 20;9:957935. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.957935. eCollection 2022.
In the European Union, there is an increasing need for farm animal nutrition products whose positive effects can replace antibiotics that have been heavily used for decades. Thus, the use of probiotics started to increase in the past few years. In this study, a survey on the practical use of probiotics in Hungarian dairy cattle farms and the related experience of farm nutrition experts was conducted. In addition, we surveyed the state of Hungary for probiotics production and distribution. After direct request phone, nutrition experts responsible for farm feeding programs in 23 large commercial dairy cattle farms and eight managers in different feed distributor companies in Hungary filled out the relevant online questionnaires in 2018. The results show that 69.6% of the surveyed farms used probiotics, most often aiming at the optimization of rumen fermentation, protection against stressors, and supplementation of medical treatments. The most common expected beneficial effects of probiotics were more effective calf raising, larger milk yield, more stable rumen fermentation, and improved stress resistance. None of the respondents experienced any negative effects. In Hungary, five out of eight surveyed feed companies produced probiotic products for cattle, and one just distributed them. Company managers generally thought that farm nutrition experts did not have up-to-date knowledge on probiotics, which is why, these products are often not used in an effective way, and the experts' knowledge should be increased. The own experiments of the distributor companies showed that the probiotic products can improve feed digestibility, the efficacy of calf raising, and the reproductive performance of cows. According to the expectations of distributors, the next generation of probiotic products will be microencapsulated and will contain multiple strains and species of bacteria and prebiotics, too. The goal of the product development is to create probiotics with better effectiveness at a reasonable price, having a complex impact and easier application on the herd level. The study showed that probiotics are already frequently used to prevent diseases in Hungarian dairy herds. However, it can be concluded that there is room for improvement, especially concerning the knowledge transfer about the most effective use of probiotic products.
在欧盟，对农场动物营养产品的需求日益增长，这类产品的积极作用能够替代已大量使用数十年的抗生素。因此，益生菌的使用在过去几年开始增加。在本研究中，对匈牙利奶牛场益生菌的实际使用情况以及农场营养专家的相关经验进行了调查。此外，我们还调研了匈牙利益生菌的生产和分销状况。通过直接电话联系，2018年匈牙利23家大型商业奶牛场中负责农场饲养计划的营养专家以及8家不同饲料经销商公司的经理填写了相关在线问卷。结果显示，69.6%的受调查农场使用了益生菌，最常见的目的是优化瘤胃发酵、抵御应激源以及辅助药物治疗。益生菌最常见的预期有益效果是更有效地饲养犊牛、提高牛奶产量、使瘤胃发酵更稳定以及增强抗应激能力。没有一位受访者经历过任何负面影响。在匈牙利，受调查的8家饲料公司中有5家生产牛用益生菌产品，1家仅负责分销。公司经理普遍认为农场营养专家对益生菌缺乏最新知识，这就是为什么这些产品常常未得到有效使用，应该增加专家的知识。经销商公司自己的实验表明，益生菌产品可以提高饲料消化率、犊牛饲养效果以及奶牛的繁殖性能。根据经销商的期望，下一代益生菌产品将进行微囊化处理，并且还将包含多种细菌菌株和种类以及益生元。产品开发的目标是以合理的价格创造出效果更好、具有综合作用且在畜群层面更易于应用的益生菌。该研究表明，益生菌已在匈牙利奶牛群中频繁用于预防疾病。然而，可以得出结论，仍有改进空间，特别是在益生菌产品最有效使用的知识传播方面。
