College of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Deyang City, Sichuan Province, China.
Int Nurs Rev. 2023 Mar;70(1):89-96. doi: 10.1111/inr.12803. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
To systematically evaluate the available literature about overall levels of psychological capital among nurses.
Psychological capital is described as a positive mental state associated with nurses' mental health, quality of care and patient outcomes.
A search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical (CBM), WanFang and Weipu Database from the inception of the databases until October 2021. Subsequently, two researchers identified and reviewed the literature and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was conducted to achieve pooled estimates of psychological capital scales.
The pooled mean score of the psychological capital scale was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.07-4.35). For subdimensions such as hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resilience, the score was 4.12 (95% CI, 4.11-4.12), 4.34 (95% CI, 4.34-4.34), 4.50 (95% CI, 4.50-4.51) and 4.34 (95% CI, 4.33-4.34), respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that nurses practising in Asia and intensive care units might have experienced lower psychological capital levels. In addition, significant differences were noted in studies with sample size and publication year. Studies with a large sample size reported a higher psychological capital than those with a small sample size. The pooled mean scores of psychological capital were higher in 2014-2018 than in 2019-2021. Meta-regression further revealed that geographic regions of participants might be a source of heterogeneity, and the Asian region had 32.23% of the heterogeneity between studies, and the African region had 18.71%.
This review is the first to synthesize published research and calculate a pooled score of psychological capital in nurses. These findings indicated that nurses reported a medium-high level of psychological capital, and there was significant heterogeneity.
Administrators and policymakers should concentrate on nurses' psychological capital and tactically integrate psychological capital into nursing vocational training programs.
系统评价护士心理资本总体水平的现有文献。
心理资本被描述为一种与护士心理健康、护理质量和患者结局相关的积极心理状态。
使用 PubMed、Web of Science、EMBASE、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Cochrane 图书馆和中国数据库（包括中国国家知识基础设施 [CNKI]、中国生物医学 [CBM]、万方和维普数据库）进行了搜索，这些数据库的检索时间从数据库建立开始到 2021 年 10 月。随后，两名研究人员确定并审查了文献，并评估了偏倚风险。采用随机效应模型得出心理资本量表的汇总估计值。
心理资本量表的汇总平均得分为 4.21（95%置信区间，4.07-4.35）。对于希望、乐观、自我效能和韧性等亚维度，得分分别为 4.12（95%置信区间，4.11-4.12）、4.34（95%置信区间，4.34-4.34）、4.50（95%置信区间，4.50-4.51）和 4.34（95%置信区间，4.33-4.34）。亚组分析表明，在亚洲和重症监护病房工作的护士可能经历了较低的心理资本水平。此外，在样本量和发表年份不同的研究中也存在显著差异。样本量大的研究报告的心理资本水平高于样本量小的研究。2014-2018 年的心理资本汇总平均得分高于 2019-2021 年。元回归进一步表明，参与者的地理区域可能是异质性的一个来源，亚洲地区的研究之间存在 32.23%的异质性，非洲地区存在 18.71%。
这是首次综合已发表的研究并计算护士心理资本的汇总得分。这些发现表明，护士报告的心理资本水平中等偏高，且存在显著的异质性。
管理人员和政策制定者应关注护士的心理资本，并从策略上将心理资本纳入护理职业培训计划中。
