College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Neuroepidemiology. 2023;57(2):78-89. doi: 10.1159/000522442. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
The global prevalence of active epilepsy is around 6.38/1,000 persons. In the Arabian region, the median prevalence of active epilepsy is 4.4/1,000 persons. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the last prevalence study for active epilepsy cases was conducted in 2001 and showed an estimate of 6.5/1,000 persons.
The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of active epilepsy and etiological factors among Saudi individuals of all ages resident in the Riyadh area, the central province, and the capital of KSA.
This is a door-to-door cross-sectional epidemiological study that was conducted between 2012 and 2016. Patients were initially screened at their homes using a questionnaire, and then suspected individuals were interviewed in the clinic by neurologists and epileptologists. Data related to age, age at seizure onset, gender, probable etiology, treatment, family history, duration of epilepsy, and seizure control, as well as images for electroencephalogram and magnetic resonant imaging, were collected and analyzed.
Among the 13,873 participants, active epilepsy was evidenced in 55 patients (3.96; 95% CI: [2.99-5.16]/1,000 persons). No significant variation in the prevalence rate was detected between male and female patients (3.99 vs. 3.94/1,000 persons). The age-specific prevalence was the highest among the infants (1-12 months) (14.78/1,000 persons). Of the various seizure types, complex partial seizures were the most common (33%), followed by generalized seizures (29.1%). Concerning etiology, epilepsies with idiopathic and cryptogenic etiologies were the most common in 18 (36.3%) cases. Structural, vascular, and focal abnormalities were the most commonly diagnosed abnormalities (18.2%, 14.5%, and 39.2%, respectively).
The prevalence of active epilepsy in KSA has dramatically decreased during the last decades to a rate lower than those reported in most developing countries.
全球活动性癫痫的患病率约为 6.38/1000 人。在阿拉伯地区，活动性癫痫的中位数患病率为 4.4/1000 人。在沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA），最后一次关于活动性癫痫病例的患病率研究是在 2001 年进行的，估计患病率为 6.5/1000 人。
本研究旨在调查沙特阿拉伯各年龄段居民在利雅得地区、中央省和 KSA 首都的活动性癫痫患病率和病因因素。
这是一项在 2012 年至 2016 年期间进行的门到门横断面流行病学研究。患者最初在家中使用问卷进行筛查，然后由神经科医生和癫痫科医生在诊所对疑似患者进行访谈。收集并分析了与年龄、癫痫发作年龄、性别、可能病因、治疗、家族史、癫痫持续时间和发作控制以及脑电图和磁共振成像图像相关的数据。
在 13873 名参与者中，55 名（3.96；95%置信区间：[2.99-5.16]/1000 人）有活动性癫痫。男女患者的患病率无显著差异（3.99 与 3.94/1000 人）。各种发作类型中，部分性复杂发作最常见（33%），其次是全面性发作（29.1%）。病因方面，特发性和隐源性癫痫最常见，占 18 例（36.3%）。结构性、血管性和局灶性异常是最常见的诊断异常（分别为 18.2%、14.5%和 39.2%）。
在过去几十年中，KSA 的活动性癫痫患病率显著下降，降至低于大多数发展中国家的报告率。
