Hernández-Calderón Paula, Wiedemann Lara, Benítez-Páez Alfonso
Host-Microbe Interactions in Metabolic Health Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 23;9:1006747. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747. eCollection 2022.
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
近年来对人类肠道微生物群的研究使我们能够在系统层面理解其对人类健康的相关性，从而有可能建立不同的功能轴（如肠-脑轴、肠-肝轴和肠-肺轴），这支持了赋予我们身体这一微生态组成部分类似器官的地位。人类肠道微生物群极其多样，但可通过饮食进行调节，这一事实使得通过特定的饮食策略靶向微生物，以发现具有成本效益的疗法，从而减轻如大流行肥胖和超重及其代谢合并症等非传染性疾病的负担成为可能。然而，随机对照饮食干预在体重控制方面通常表现出低至中等程度的成功率，这使得它们在临床实践中难以实施。在此，我们回顾基线肠道微生物群配置对预测旨在减肥的饮食干预成功率的预测价值，这些干预主要基于热量限制方案和口服纤维补充。这一新兴的研究概念通过考虑不同的饮食模式并根据个体微生物群组成采用最佳模式，以实现显著的肥胖减轻和改善代谢状态，从而契合精准医学。我们从这个全新的研究视角回顾结果，同时考虑到最近发布的研究。我们还讨论了该领域的一些未来展望以及需要克服的潜在陷阱，以期在该领域获得知识并在个性化营养方面取得突破。
