Am J Epidemiol. 2023 Feb 1;192(2):305-322. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwac175.
Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method has been used for several decades to track other infectious diseases, there has not been a comprehensive review outlining all of the pathogens that have been surveilled through wastewater. Herein we identify the infectious diseases that have been previously studied via wastewater surveillance prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious diseases and pathogens were identified in 100 studies of wastewater surveillance across 38 countries, as were themes of how wastewater surveillance and other measures of disease transmission were linked. Twenty-five separate pathogen families were identified in the included studies, with the majority of studies examining pathogens from the family Picornaviridae, including polio and nonpolio enteroviruses. Most studies of wastewater surveillance did not link what was found in the wastewater to other measures of disease transmission. Among those studies that did, the value reported varied by study. Wastewater surveillance should be considered as a potential public health tool for many infectious diseases. Wastewater surveillance studies can be improved by incorporating other measures of disease transmission at the population-level including disease incidence and hospitalizations.
污水监测已被证明是了解 SARS-CoV-2 传播和 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例的有价值的信息来源。尽管该方法已被用于跟踪其他传染病数十年，但尚无全面的综述概述通过污水监测监测到的所有病原体。本文确定了在 COVID-19 大流行之前，通过污水监测研究过的先前传染病。在来自 38 个国家的 100 项污水监测研究中确定了传染病和病原体，以及将污水监测和其他疾病传播措施联系起来的主题。在纳入的研究中，确定了 25 个不同的病原体家族，其中大多数研究都检查了小核糖核酸病毒科的病原体，包括脊髓灰质炎和非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒。大多数污水监测研究并未将污水中的发现与其他疾病传播措施联系起来。在那些确实进行了研究的研究中，报告的价值因研究而异。污水监测应被视为许多传染病的潜在公共卫生工具。通过将疾病发病率和住院率等其他人群层面的疾病传播措施纳入污水监测研究，可以对其进行改进。
