Rahman Dede Aulia, Santosa Yanto, Purnamasari Intan, Condro Aryo Adhi
Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry & Environment, Kampus IPB Dramaga, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
Primate Research Center, Institute of Research and Community Service, Kampus IPB Lodaya, IPB University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 10;12(19):2722. doi: 10.3390/ani12192722.
Tropical Rainforest Heritage sites of Sumatra are some of the most irreplaceable landscapes in the world for biodiversity conservation. These landscapes harbor many endangered Asiatic mammals all suffering multifaceted threats due to anthropogenic activities. Three charismatic mammals in Sumatra: , , and are protected and listed as Critically Endangered (CR) within the IUCN Red List. Nevertheless, their current geographic distribution remains unclear, and the impact of environmental factors on these species are mostly unknown. This study predicts the potential range of those species on the island of Sumatra using anthropogenic, biophysical, topographic, and climatic parameters based on the ensemble machine learning algorithms. We also investigated the effects of habitat loss from current land use, ecosystem availability, and importance of Indonesian protected areas. Our predictive model had relatively excellent performance (Sørensen: 0.81-0.94) and can enhance knowledge on the current species distributions. The most critical environmental predictors for the distribution of the three species are conservation status and temperature seasonality. This study revealed that more than half of the species distributions occurred in non-protected areas, with proportional coverage being 83%, 72%, and 54% for , , and , respectively. Our study further provides reliable information on places where conservation efforts must be prioritized, both inside and outside of the protected area networks, to safeguard the ongoing survival of these Indonesian large charismatic mammals.
苏门答腊热带雨林遗产地是世界上生物多样性保护方面一些最不可替代的景观。这些景观中有许多濒危的亚洲哺乳动物，它们都因人为活动而面临多方面的威胁。苏门答腊的三种极具魅力的哺乳动物： 、 和 受到保护，并在世界自然保护联盟红色名录中被列为极度濒危（CR）物种。然而，它们目前的地理分布仍不清楚，环境因素对这些物种的影响大多未知。本研究基于集成机器学习算法，利用人为、生物物理、地形和气候参数预测了这些物种在苏门答腊岛上的潜在分布范围。我们还调查了当前土地利用造成的栖息地丧失、生态系统可利用性以及印度尼西亚保护区的重要性的影响。我们的预测模型具有相对出色的表现（ Sørensen相似系数：0.81 - 0.94），能够增进对当前物种分布的了解。这三种物种分布的最关键环境预测因素是保护状况和温度季节性。本研究表明，超过一半的物种分布在非保护区， 、 和 的非保护区比例覆盖率分别为83%、72%和54%。我们的研究进一步提供了可靠信息，说明在保护区网络内外哪些地方必须优先开展保护工作，以保障这些印度尼西亚大型魅力哺乳动物的持续生存。
