Halamová Júlia, Greškovičová Katarína, Baránková Martina, Strnádelová Bronislava, Krizova Katarina
Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Institute of Applied Psychology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 27;13:917048. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917048. eCollection 2022.
Despite the continuous efforts to understand coping processes, very little is known about the utilization of best coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to analyze the coping strategies of individuals who scored high on an adaptive coping questionnaire in order to understand the most adaptive coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used consensual qualitative analysis in a team of four researchers and one auditor. The convenience sample from which we identified the high scorers comprised 1,683 participants (67% women, 32.35% men, and 0.65% did not report their gender) with a mean age of 31.02 years (SD = 11.99) ranging between 18 and 77 years old. Based on their scoring in the COPE Inventory, nine participants were selected from the sample with the highest scores in coping skills in at least two out of its 15 subscales. In-depth repeated interviews with six participants for the main analysis were conducted, and three were added to check the data saturation. The results showed that the most adaptive coping strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic could be categorized into four main domains: self-compassion, compassion to others, compassion from others, and mutual compassion. The most frequently mentioned and the most elaborated upon by our respondents was the domain of self-compassion. The most interesting finding was the emergence of the fourth type of compassion, labeled , which referred to deliberate attempts to take care of oneself and others while suffering together in order to elevate the suffering for both. This kind of compassion might arise in the situations of collective suffering, such as a catastrophe or a pandemic and might have the additional benefit of bringing people closer to each other in difficult times.
尽管人们一直在不断努力去理解应对过程，但对于在新冠疫情期间最佳应对策略的运用却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们旨在分析在适应性应对问卷中得分较高的个体的应对策略，以便了解新冠疫情期间最具适应性的应对策略。我们在一个由四名研究人员和一名审核员组成的团队中采用了共识定性分析法。我们确定高分者所使用的便利样本包括1683名参与者（67%为女性，32.35%为男性，0.65%未报告其性别），平均年龄为31.02岁（标准差=11.99），年龄范围在18至77岁之间。根据他们在应对方式量表中的得分，从其15个分量表中至少有两个分量表应对技能得分最高的样本中选取了9名参与者。对6名参与者进行了深入的重复访谈以进行主要分析，并增加了3名参与者以检查数据饱和度。结果表明，在新冠疫情期间使用的最具适应性的应对策略可分为四个主要领域：自我同情、对他人的同情、来自他人的同情和相互同情。我们的受访者最常提及且阐述最多的是自我同情领域。最有趣的发现是出现了第四种同情类型，称为“相互同情”，它指的是在共同受苦时有意识地照顾自己和他人，以减轻双方的痛苦。这种同情可能出现在集体受苦的情况下，如灾难或疫情，并且可能还有一个额外的好处，即在困难时期使人们彼此更加亲近。
