Skinner Marianne Sundlisæter, Sogstad Maren
Centre for Care Research, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway.
SAGE Open Nurs. 2022 Oct 9;8:23779608221130585. doi: 10.1177/23779608221130585. eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec.
Informal caregivers are in increasing demand to provide care for sick, disabled, and elderly persons in the years to come, also in the Nordic welfare states. Informal caregivers can provide different types of care, such as personal care, supervision, and practical help, and previous research has shown that women take on a heavier care burden than men. However, structural differences in care tasks and caregiver burden in the Norwegian population is an under-researched area of study.
The study objective is to explore different types of informal care and caregivers in the Norwegian population and assess how different types of caregivers are distributed across socio-demographic groups.
A cross-sectional population survey was conducted in 2014. A random sample of 20,000 people above 16 years of age was drawn from the national population register. The net sample consisted of 4,000 individuals, giving a response rate of 20.2%. Data were collected using telephone interviews. We used descriptive statistics, crosstabulations with chi-square tests and multinomial regression analyses.
Fifteen and seven percent of the respondents reported that they regularly helped persons with special care needs outside and inside their own household, respectively. Women were more likely than men to give personal care, whereas men were overrepresented among caregivers providing practical help only. The mean age of caregivers providing practical help only was significantly lower than for caregivers providing personal care.
Our results indicate that women take on a heavier care load, both by providing more personal care then men and in that they spend more time caring. It is important that nurses and other healthcare professionals in community care have knowledge about structures of inequality in informal caregiver tasks and burden so that they can better identify opportunities for improved coordination between formal and informal care.
在未来几年，非正式护理人员在为病人、残疾人和老年人提供护理方面的需求日益增加，北欧福利国家亦是如此。非正式护理人员可以提供不同类型的护理，如个人护理、监督和实际帮助，先前的研究表明，女性承担的护理负担比男性更重。然而，挪威人口中护理任务和护理人员负担的结构差异是一个研究不足的领域。
本研究的目的是探讨挪威人口中不同类型的非正式护理和护理人员，并评估不同类型的护理人员在社会人口群体中的分布情况。
2014年进行了一项横断面人口调查。从国家人口登记册中随机抽取了20000名16岁以上的人作为样本。净样本包括4000人，回复率为20.2%。数据通过电话访谈收集。我们使用了描述性统计、卡方检验的交叉表和多项回归分析。
15%和7%的受访者分别表示，他们经常在自己家内外帮助有特殊护理需求的人。女性比男性更有可能提供个人护理，而仅提供实际帮助的护理人员中男性占比过高。仅提供实际帮助的护理人员的平均年龄显著低于提供个人护理的护理人员。
我们的结果表明，女性承担着更重的护理负担，这体现在她们比男性提供更多的个人护理，以及她们花费更多时间进行护理。社区护理中的护士和其他医疗保健专业人员了解非正式护理任务和负担中的不平等结构非常重要，这样他们就能更好地确定改善正式和非正式护理之间协调的机会。
