School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Fry Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.
Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany.
Proc Biol Sci. 2022 Oct 26;289(1985):20221788. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1788. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
Animals, including humans, differ in a wide range of physical and cognitive abilities ranging from measures of running speed and physical strength to learning ability and intelligence. We consider the evolution of ability when individuals interact pairwise over their contribution to a common good. In this interaction, the contribution of each is assumed to be the best given their own ability and the contribution of their partner. Since there is a tendency for individuals to partially compensate for a low contribution by their partner, low-ability individuals can do well. As a consequence, for benefit and cost structures for which individuals have a strong response to partner's contribution, there can be selection for reduced ability. Furthermore, there can be disruptive selection on ability, leading to a bimodal distribution of ability under some modes of inheritance.
动物（包括人类）在身体和认知能力方面存在广泛差异，这些差异的衡量标准包括奔跑速度和体力、学习能力和智力等。当个体在共同利益方面进行两两相互作用时，我们会考虑能力的进化。在这种相互作用中，每个人的贡献被认为是基于他们自己的能力和他们的合作伙伴的贡献。由于个体倾向于部分弥补合作伙伴的低贡献，因此低能力的个体也可以表现良好。因此，对于个体对合作伙伴贡献有强烈反应的利益和成本结构，能力的降低可能会受到选择。此外，能力可能会受到破坏性选择，从而导致在某些遗传模式下能力呈双峰分布。
