Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Br J Nutr. 2023 Aug 14;130(3):476-483. doi: 10.1017/S0007114522003361. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
Although ultra-processed foods represent more than half of the total energy consumed by the UK population, little is known about the trend in food consumption considering the degree of food processing. We evaluated the trends of the dietary share of foods categorised according to the NOVA classification in a historical series (2018-2019) among the UK population. Data were acquired from the NDNS, a survey that collects diet information through a 4-d food record. We used adjusted linear regression to estimate the dietary participation of NOVA groups and evaluated the linear trends over the years. From 2008 to 2019, we observed a significant increase in the energy share of culinary ingredients (from 3·7 to 4·9 % of the total energy consumed; -trend = 0·001), especially for butter and oils; and reduction of processed foods (from 9·6 to 8·6 %; -trend = 0·002), especially for beer and wine. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods (≅30 %, -trend = 0·505) and ultra-processed foods (≅56 %, -trend = 0·580) presented no significant change. However, changes in the consumption of some subgroups are noteworthy, such as the reduction in the energy share of red meat, sausages and other reconstituted meat products as well as the increase of fruits, ready meals, breakfast cereals, cookies, pastries, buns and cakes. Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, no interaction was observed with the trend of the four NOVA groups. From 2008 to 2019 was observed a significant increase in culinary ingredients and a reduction in processed food. Furthermore, it sheds light on the high share of ultra-processed foods in the contemporary British diet.
尽管超加工食品占英国人口总能量摄入的一半以上，但考虑到食品加工程度，对于这些食品的消费趋势知之甚少。我们评估了根据 NOVA 分类对食品进行分类的饮食份额趋势，这是在英国人口的历史系列（2018-2019 年）中进行的。数据来自 NDNS，这是一项通过 4 天食物记录收集饮食信息的调查。我们使用调整后的线性回归来估计 NOVA 组的饮食参与情况，并评估多年来的线性趋势。从 2008 年到 2019 年，我们观察到烹饪原料的能量份额显著增加（从总能量消耗的 3.7%增加到 4.9%；趋势=0.001），尤其是黄油和油；加工食品的摄入量减少（从 9.6%减少到 8.6%；趋势=0.002），尤其是啤酒和葡萄酒。未加工或最低限度加工的食品（≈30%；趋势=-0.505）和超加工食品（≈56%；趋势=-0.580）没有明显变化。然而，一些亚组消费的变化值得注意，例如，红肉、香肠和其他重组肉类产品的能量份额减少，以及水果、即食餐、早餐麦片、饼干、糕点、面包和蛋糕的能量份额增加。关于社会人口特征，没有观察到四个 NOVA 组的趋势存在交互作用。从 2008 年到 2019 年，烹饪原料的用量显著增加，加工食品的用量减少。此外，这也说明了超加工食品在当代英国饮食中所占的高份额。
