Sousa Cláudia, Ferreira Rute, Santos Sílvio B, Azevedo Nuno F, Melo Luís D R
CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2023 Nov;49(6):671-692. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2022.2125287. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
The association of to several gastric diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, and its high prevalence worldwide, raised the necessity to use methods for a proper and fast diagnosis and monitoring the pathogen eradication. Available diagnostic methods can be classified as invasive or non-invasive, and the selection of the best relies on the clinical condition of the patient, as well as on the sensitivity, specificity, and accessibility of the diagnostic test. This review summarises all diagnostic methods currently available, including the invasive methods: endoscopy, histology, culture, and molecular methods, and the rapid urease test (RUT), as well as the non-invasive methods urea breath test (UBT), serological assays, biosensors, and microfluidic devices and the stool antigen test (SAT). Moreover, it lists the diagnostic advantages and limitations, as well as the main advances for each methodology. In the end, research on the development of new diagnostic methods, such as bacteriophage-based diagnostic tools, is also discussed.
[某种病原体]与多种胃部疾病相关，如慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡病和胃癌，且其在全球范围内的高患病率，凸显了采用恰当且快速的诊断方法以及监测病原体根除情况的必要性。现有的诊断方法可分为侵入性或非侵入性，最佳方法的选择取决于患者的临床状况，以及诊断测试的敏感性、特异性和可及性。本综述总结了目前所有可用的诊断方法，包括侵入性方法：内镜检查、组织学检查、培养和分子方法，以及快速尿素酶试验（RUT），还有非侵入性方法尿素呼气试验（UBT）、血清学检测、生物传感器、微流控装置和粪便抗原检测（SAT）。此外，还列出了每种方法的诊断优势和局限性，以及主要进展。最后，还讨论了新型诊断方法的开发研究，如基于噬菌体的诊断工具。
