Kamanula Mussa, Munthali Chimuleke Yagontha, Kamanula John Finias
Mzuzu University, Department of Forestry, Private bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Mzuzu University, Department of Chemistry, Private bag 201, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi.
Int J Food Sci. 2022 Oct 11;2022:4686368. doi: 10.1155/2022/4686368. eCollection 2022.
(Marula) is one of the indigenous fruit trees that was selected for domestication in Malawi. This study was conducted to assess nutritional and phytochemical variation of (subspecies and ) fruits planted in an international provenance trial in Malawi. Vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, fat, and fibre content ranged from 6 to 81 mg/100 g; 1.8 to 5.3 mg/100 g; 1.4 to 3.3 mg/100 g; 0.3 to 0.8 mg/100 g; 51.6 to 57.7%; and 4.1 to 6.9%, respectively. Phytochemical scores showed that all nine provenances contained weak (+) concentration of alkaloids. Kalimbeza (Namibia) and Magamba-Turiani (Tanzania) provenances showed moderate (++) concentrations of saponins. Chikhwawa (Malawi), Missira (Mali), and Moamba (Mozambique) provenances had moderate (++) concentrations of tannins. Missira (Mali) and Kalimbeza (Namibia) provenances showed weak (+) concentration of terpenoids. Variations observed in nutritional and phytochemical composition could be attributed to genetic make-up and origin of the genotypes, since all genotypes were planted in the same environment. Therefore, selection of for domestication purposes should consider the provenance (origin of genotypes) and subspecies levels. Further studies should investigate vegetative propagation and heritability of nutritional and phytochemical traits before the use of seed for propagation.
（马鲁拉果）是马拉维选择进行驯化的本土果树之一。本研究旨在评估在马拉维国际种源试验中种植的（亚种和）果实的营养和植物化学成分变异。维生素C、钙、铁、锌、脂肪和纤维含量分别为6至81毫克/100克；1.8至5.3毫克/100克；1.4至3.3毫克/100克；0.3至0.8毫克/100克；51.6至57.7%；以及4.1至6.9%。植物化学成分评分显示，所有九个种源的生物碱浓度均较弱（+）。卡里姆贝扎（纳米比亚）和马甘巴 - 图里亚尼（坦桑尼亚）种源的皂苷浓度适中（++）。奇夸瓦（马拉维）、米西拉（马里）和莫amba（莫桑比克）种源的单宁浓度适中（++）。米西拉（马里）和卡里姆贝扎（纳米比亚）种源的萜类化合物浓度较弱（+）。观察到的营养和植物化学成分的变异可能归因于基因型的遗传组成和起源，因为所有基因型都种植在相同的环境中。因此，为驯化目的选择时应考虑种源（基因型的起源）和亚种水平。在使用种子进行繁殖之前，进一步的研究应调查营养和植物化学性状的营养繁殖和遗传力。
