Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
Front Public Health. 2022 Oct 5;10:934854. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.934854. eCollection 2022.
Both dietary and sleep patterns can influence both blood pressure levels and heart rate, but these associations have been understudied in adolescents. Furthermore, it is not known whether diet and sleep could exert a synergistic effect with respect to the maintenance of optimal BP levels in this population.
To investigate the relationship of blood pressure levels with the combination of higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the habit of siesta (daytime napping) in Spanish adolescents.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with data obtained through personal interviews and physical examination from a representative sample of 1,378 adolescents (12-17 years of age) from the (Region of Murcia, Spain) selected using a simple random sampling technique. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents, and the frequency and duration of siesta were self-reported. Objective measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were obtained under standardized conditions. Statistical procedures were performed with SPSS software (v.25) and included logistic and generalized regression models adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, body mass index, total energy intake, nighttime sleep duration, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Of the 698 adolescents finally studied (mean age 13.9 ± 1.5 years; 56.2% female), 37.1% ( = 259) had high adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 19.6% ( = 137) reported frequent siesta. In the completely adjusted models, compared to adolescents with low Mediterranean diet adherence and no or infrequent siesta, those with high Mediterranean diet adherence and frequent siesta were less likely to have high-normal blood pressure or hypertension (odds ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.88) and showed slightly lower systolic blood pressure (ß-coef. = -2.60; 95% CI: -5.18, -0.02).
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and frequent siesta have a synergistic effect on maintaining lower blood pressure levels in adolescence. These findings reinforce that adherence to both Mediterranean lifestyle behaviors early in life may be an important strategy to prevent hypertension throughout adulthood.
饮食和睡眠模式都会影响血压水平和心率，但这些关联在青少年中研究较少。此外，尚不清楚饮食和睡眠是否会对该人群维持最佳血压水平产生协同作用。
研究西班牙青少年血压水平与地中海饮食依从性较高和午睡习惯（白天小睡）相结合的关系。
采用横断面研究设计，从西班牙穆尔西亚地区（Region of Murcia）采用简单随机抽样技术抽取了 1378 名（12-17 岁）代表性青少年进行个人访谈和体格检查，获得数据。采用儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数评估地中海饮食的依从性，午睡的频率和持续时间为自我报告。在标准化条件下测量收缩压和舒张压的客观测量值。使用 SPSS 软件（v.25）进行统计分析，包括调整性别、年龄、社会经济地位、体重指数、总能量摄入、夜间睡眠时间和中高强度体力活动后的逻辑和广义回归模型。
在最终研究的 698 名青少年中（平均年龄 13.9 ± 1.5 岁，56.2%为女性），37.1%（=259）具有较高的地中海饮食依从性，19.6%（=137）报告经常午睡。在完全调整的模型中，与地中海饮食依从性低且午睡次数少或无的青少年相比，地中海饮食依从性高且午睡频繁的青少年发生正常高值血压或高血压的可能性较低（比值比=0.47；95%置信区间：0.26，0.88），收缩压略低（ß 系数=-2.60；95%置信区间：-5.18，-0.02）。
较高的地中海饮食依从性和经常午睡对维持青少年较低的血压水平具有协同作用。这些发现强化了青少年时期同时遵循地中海生活方式行为可能是预防成年期高血压的重要策略。
