Fernández-Galván Luis Miguel, Adelantado-Renau Mireia, Beltran-Valls Maria Reyes, Moliner-Urdiales Diego
LIFE Research Group, University Jaume I, Castellon, Spain.
Am J Hum Biol. 2025 Jan;37(1):e24199. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.24199.
Previous research in adults has suggested that healthy dietary patterns could be an effective strategy for blood pressure (BP) control. However, during adolescence, the scientific literature examining this relationship is scarce and controversial since inverse and null associations have been reported. Thus, the aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables at baseline with changes in BP over a two-year period during adolescence.
The analyses included 197 adolescents (92 girls) aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years. Adherence to the MD and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables were assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire, respectively. BP values were measured using an automatic sphygmomanometer according to standardized procedures.
Adolescents with high adherence levels to the MD, and high consumption of vegetables (but not fruits) at baseline, showed smaller increases in diastolic BP changes over two years (percentage of reduction ranging from ~48% to ~88%, all p < 0.026). No significant relationships were identified in systolic BP over the two-year period.
Our findings underscore the importance of promoting MD and vegetable consumption to reduce diastolic BP during adolescence, contributing to lowering future cardiovascular risk.
先前针对成年人的研究表明，健康的饮食模式可能是控制血压（BP）的有效策略。然而，在青少年时期，研究这种关系的科学文献稀缺且存在争议，因为有报告称存在负相关和无关联。因此，我们研究的目的是分析青少年在两年期间，基线时对地中海饮食（MD）的 adherence 水平和新鲜水果与蔬菜的摄入量与血压变化之间的关系。
分析纳入了 197 名年龄为 13.9 ± 0.3 岁的青少年（92 名女孩）。分别使用 KIDMED 问卷和食物频率问卷评估对 MD 的 adherence 以及新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入量。根据标准化程序使用自动血压计测量血压值。
在基线时对 MD 的 adherence 水平高且蔬菜（而非水果）摄入量高的青少年，在两年期间舒张压变化的增幅较小（降低百分比范围从约 48%至约 88%，所有 p < 0.026）。在两年期间收缩压未发现显著关系。
我们的研究结果强调了在青少年时期促进 MD 和蔬菜消费以降低舒张压的重要性，这有助于降低未来的心血管风险。
