Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq.
Department of Medical Laboratory Technique, the Islamic University, Diwaniya, Iraq.
Arch Razi Inst. 2022 Apr 30;77(2):761-769. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.357121.1978. eCollection 2022 Apr.
It has been approved that the infection caused by () is one of the major causes of infertility and adverse birth outcomes in populations. The epidemiology among childbearing-age women in Iraq has not been recognized yet. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of infection among pregnant and non-pregnant women using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and phylogenetic analysis of local isolates. In total, 200 endocervical swabs were collected from adult married pregnant (n=100) and non-pregnant women (n=100) from June to July 2021. Targeting the gene, 9% of the total samples were positive for , and significant increases were reported among non-pregnant compared to pregnant women. The PCR products of five positive local isolates were selected randomly, sequenced, and documented in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the accession numbers OK094104.1, OK094105.1, OK094106.1, OK094107.1, and OK094108.1. Analysis of the homology sequence of the local and NCBI-BLAST isolates revealed a significant association with the Russian (MF288585.1) isolate. Statistical analysis of reproductive data revealed a higher prevalence, odds ratio (OD), and risk in asymptomatic, compared to symptomatic cases. Although no significant variation was detected in prevalence rate among single and multiple symptomatic women, increases were observed in OD values and risk of multiple symptomatic women. Reportedly, chronic pelvic pain was more prevalent than pelvic inflammatory diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility in single symptomatic women. Regarding the demographic characteristics (i.e., age, the place of residence, and occupation), prevalence and risk of infection were higher in women who were <30 years, lived in urban areas, and had a job, compared to women who were ≥30 years, lived in suburban and rural areas, and had a free job. In conclusion, the course of chlamydial infections is usually unpredictable, diverse, and asymptomatic and has remained almost unrecognized. Therefore, PCR-based methods can apply successfully to detect C. trachomatis in both pregnant and non-pregnant women.
已经证实，（）感染是导致人群不孕和不良生育结局的主要原因之一。伊拉克育龄妇女的流行病学尚未得到认识。本研究旨在使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测和对本地分离株的系统发育分析来检测妊娠和非妊娠妇女感染的流行率。2021 年 6 月至 7 月，共采集了 200 例已婚妊娠（n=100）和非妊娠妇女（n=100）的宫颈拭子标本。针对基因，总样本中有 9%为阳性，与妊娠妇女相比，非妊娠妇女的阳性率显著增加。随机选择了 5 个阳性本地分离株的 PCR 产物，测序并在国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）记录，登录号为 OK094104.1、OK094105.1、OK094106.1、OK094107.1 和 OK094108.1。对本地和 NCBI-BLAST 分离株的同源序列分析表明，与俄罗斯（MF288585.1）分离株有显著关联。对生殖数据的统计分析显示，无症状病例的感染率、优势比（OR）和风险均高于有症状病例。虽然在单个和多个有症状妇女中未检测到流行率的显著差异，但在多个有症状妇女的 OR 值和风险方面观察到了增加。据报道，在单个有症状妇女中，慢性盆腔疼痛比盆腔炎、异位妊娠和不孕更为常见。关于人口统计学特征（即年龄、居住地和职业），<30 岁、居住在城市地区和有工作的妇女感染的发生率和风险高于≥30 岁、居住在郊区和农村地区以及从事自由职业的妇女。总之，衣原体感染的病程通常是不可预测的、多样的和无症状的，而且几乎没有被认识到。因此，基于 PCR 的方法可成功应用于检测妊娠和非妊娠妇女中的沙眼衣原体。
