Welder A A, Melchert R B
College of Pharmacy, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacodynamics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 1993 Apr;29(2):61-8. doi: 10.1016/1056-8719(93)90052-g.
Cocaine and anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse have become major drug problems in the United States. Cocaine has been designated as "the drug of greatest national health concern" while as many as 1 million Americans have used or are currently using anabolic-androgenic steroids to promote athletic performance and/or improve physical appearance. Unfavorable cardiovascular events have been linked to both cocaine and anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse in healthy, physically active individuals. Deaths of several United States athletes in 1986 focused attention on the life-threatening cardiovascular consequences of cocaine abuse. Reports of myocardial injury with anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse are anecdotal. Nevertheless, case reports have illustrated the alarming cardiotoxic potential of these steroids in athletes. Anabolic-androgenic steroids were correlated to myocardial infarction in weight lifters and cardiomyopathy in a former professional football player. From the total emergency room episodes where cocaine was mentioned in 1990, approximately 66% of these episodes occurred in young individuals 18-29 years of age. Over 500,000 of the individuals currently taking anabolic-androgenic steroids for nonmedical purposes are high-school children. Because cocaine and anabolic-androgenic steroids are used improperly, more focus needs to be paid to the toxic mechanisms of their adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss mechanisms whereby exercise and/or exercise training may alter the cardiovascular responses to these drugs. Furthermore, we would like to illustrate that contrary to the popular belief, acute and chronic abuse of cocaine and anabolic-androgenic steroids have a negative impact on exercise performance.
可卡因和合成代谢雄激素类固醇滥用已成为美国的主要毒品问题。可卡因已被指定为“最令国家关注的健康问题的毒品”，而多达100万美国人曾使用或正在使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇来提高运动成绩和/或改善身体外观。在健康、积极运动的个体中，不良心血管事件与可卡因和合成代谢雄激素类固醇滥用均有关联。1986年几名美国运动员的死亡事件使人们将注意力集中在可卡因滥用危及生命的心血管后果上。关于合成代谢雄激素类固醇滥用导致心肌损伤的报道多为轶事。然而，病例报告已说明了这些类固醇在运动员中令人担忧的心脏毒性潜力。合成代谢雄激素类固醇与举重运动员的心肌梗死以及一名前职业橄榄球运动员的心肌病有关。在1990年提及可卡因的所有急诊病例中，约66%的病例发生在18至29岁的年轻人身上。目前有超过50万高中生出于非医疗目的服用合成代谢雄激素类固醇。由于可卡因和合成代谢雄激素类固醇被不当使用，需要更多关注它们不良反应的毒性机制。因此，本综述的目的是讨论运动和/或运动训练可能改变对这些药物心血管反应的机制。此外，我们想说明，与普遍看法相反，可卡因和合成代谢雄激素类固醇的急性和慢性滥用对运动表现有负面影响。
