Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 17;23(20):12418. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012418.
The reconfiguration of the primary metabolism is essential in plant-pathogen interactions. We compared the local metabolic responses of cucumber leaves inoculated with pv () with those in non-inoculated systemic leaves, by examining the changes in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides pools, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and activities/gene expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle-linked metabolite contents and enzyme activities. In the infected leaves, induced a metabolic signature with an altered [NAD(P)H]/[NAD(P)] ratio; decreased glucose and sucrose contents, along with a changed invertase gene expression; and increased glucose turnover and accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and -inositol. The accumulation of oxaloacetic and malic acids, enhanced activities, and gene expression of fumarase and l-malate dehydrogenase, as well as the increased respiration rate in the infected leaves, indicated that induced the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The changes in gene expression of ribulose-l,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large unit, phosphopyruvate carboxylase and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were compatible with a net photosynthesis decline described earlier. triggered metabolic changes common to the infected and non-infected leaves, the dynamics of which differed quantitatively (e.g., malic acid content and metabolism, glucose-6-phosphate accumulation, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) and those specifically related to the local or systemic response (e.g., changes in the sugar content and turnover). Therefore, metabolic changes in the systemic leaves may be part of the global effects of local infection on the whole-plant metabolism and also represent a specific acclimation response contributing to balancing growth and defense.
植物-病原体相互作用中，初生代谢的重排是必不可少的。我们通过检测烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD(P)H）池、可溶性碳水化合物浓度以及糖代谢相关酶的活性/基因表达、光合作用相关基因表达、三羧酸（TCA）循环相关代谢物含量和酶活性的变化，比较了接种 pv （）的黄瓜叶片与未接种的系统叶片的局部代谢响应。在受感染的叶片中， 诱导了一种代谢特征，其 [NAD(P)H]/[NAD(P)] 比值发生改变；葡萄糖和蔗糖含量降低，同时伴随转化酶基因表达的改变；葡萄糖周转率增加，棉子糖、海藻糖和肌醇积累增加。草酰乙酸和苹果酸的积累、延胡索酸酶和 L-苹果酸脱氢酶活性的增强以及感染叶片呼吸速率的增加表明， 诱导了 TCA 循环。核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶大亚基、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶和叶绿体甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的基因表达变化与先前描述的净光合作用下降相一致。 引发了感染和未感染叶片共有的代谢变化，其动态在数量上有所不同（例如，苹果酸含量和代谢、6-磷酸葡萄糖积累以及 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶活性），并且与局部或系统响应特异性相关（例如，糖含量和周转率的变化）。因此，系统叶片的代谢变化可能是局部感染对整个植物代谢的全局影响的一部分，也是平衡生长和防御的特定适应响应的一部分。
