Makmal Pemprosesan Imej Kefungsian (Functional Image Processing Laboratory), Department of Radiology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
Department of Radiology and Intervensi, Hospital Pakar Kanak-Kanak (Children Specialist Hospital), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 18;19(20):13439. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013439.
The present review aimed to systematically review skin toxicity changes following breast cancer radiotherapy (RT) using ultrasound (US). PubMed and Scopus databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines. The characteristics of the selected studies, measured parameters, US skin findings, and their association with clinical assessments were extracted. Seventeen studies were included with a median sample size of 29 (range 11-166). There were significant US skin changes in the irradiated skin compared to the nonirradiated skin or baseline measurements. The most observed change is skin thickening secondary to radiation-induced oedema, except one study found skin thinning after pure postmastectomy RT. However, eight studies reported skin thickening predated RT attributed to axillary surgery. Four studies used US radiofrequency (RF) signals and found a decrease in the hypodermis's Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Three studies reported decreased dermal echogenicity and poor visibility of the dermis-subcutaneous fat boundary (statistically analysed by one report). The present review revealed significant ultrasonographic skin toxicity changes in the irradiated skin most commonly skin thickening. However, further studies with large cohorts, appropriate US protocol, and baseline evaluation are needed. Measuring other US skin parameters and statistically evaluating the degree of the association with clinical assessments are also encouraged.
本综述旨在系统地回顾乳腺癌放疗(RT)后使用超声(US)评估皮肤毒性的变化。根据 PRISMA 指南,检索了 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库。提取了所选研究的特征、测量参数、US 皮肤表现及其与临床评估的相关性。共纳入 17 项研究,中位样本量为 29 例(范围 11-166 例)。与非照射皮肤或基线测量相比,照射皮肤有明显的 US 皮肤变化。最常见的变化是放射性水肿引起的皮肤增厚,但有一项研究发现单纯乳腺癌根治术后 RT 后皮肤变薄。然而,有 8 项研究报道了 RT 前的皮肤增厚归因于腋窝手术。四项研究使用了 US 射频(RF)信号,发现皮下组织的 Pearson 相关系数(PCC)降低。三项研究报告了真皮回声降低和真皮-皮下脂肪边界可见度降低(一项报告进行了统计学分析)。本综述显示,照射皮肤的超声皮肤毒性变化明显,最常见的是皮肤增厚。然而,需要进一步进行具有大样本量、适当的 US 方案和基线评估的研究。还鼓励测量其他 US 皮肤参数并对其与临床评估的相关性进行统计学评估。