Sochal Marcin, Ditmer Marta, Gabryelska Agata, Białasiewicz Piotr
Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 12;11(20):6023. doi: 10.3390/jcm11206023.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin regulating synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and nociception. It seems to be one of the key molecules in interactions between the central nervous system and immune-related diseases, i.e., diseases with an inflammatory background of unknown etiology, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or rheumatoid arthritis. Studies show that BDNF levels might change in the tissues and serum of patients during the course of these conditions, e.g., affecting cell survival and modulating pain severity and signaling pathways involving different neurotransmitters. Immune-related conditions often feature psychiatric comorbidities, such as sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia) and symptoms of depression/anxiety; BDNF may be related as well to them as it seems to exert an influence on sleep structure; studies also show that patients with psychiatric disorders have decreased BDNF levels, which increase after treatment. BDNF also has a vital role in nociception, particularly in chronic pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, participating in the formation of central hypersensitization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on BDNF's function in immune-related diseases, sleep, and pain. We also discuss how BDNF is affected by treatment and what consequences these changes might have beyond the nervous system.
脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是一种调节突触可塑性、神经元兴奋性和伤害感受的神经营养因子。它似乎是中枢神经系统与免疫相关疾病（即病因不明的炎症性疾病，如炎症性肠病或类风湿性关节炎）之间相互作用的关键分子之一。研究表明，在这些疾病的病程中，患者组织和血清中的BDNF水平可能会发生变化，例如影响细胞存活、调节疼痛严重程度以及涉及不同神经递质的信号通路。免疫相关疾病常伴有精神共病，如睡眠障碍（如失眠）以及抑郁/焦虑症状；BDNF似乎也与这些症状有关，因为它似乎对睡眠结构有影响；研究还表明，精神疾病患者的BDNF水平降低，治疗后会升高。BDNF在伤害感受中也起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在慢性疼痛、痛觉过敏和异常性疼痛中，参与中枢超敏反应的形成。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于BDNF在免疫相关疾病、睡眠和疼痛中的功能的知识。我们还讨论了BDNF如何受到治疗的影响以及这些变化可能对神经系统以外产生的后果。
