Liu Xiaoxue, Gao Jiawei, Yang Liuxin, Yuan Xingxing
Department of Paediatrics, Harbin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150010, People's Republic of China.
Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
J Asthma Allergy. 2024 Sep 30;17:935-947. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S485910. eCollection 2024.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors that contribute to its onset and progression. Recent advances in researches have illuminated the critical role of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis and development of asthma. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting a variety of bioactive molecules, including miRNAs, and play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and immune responses, which are central to the inflammatory processes underlying asthma. Exosomal miRNAs are emerging as key players in asthma due to their involvement in various aspects of the disease, including the regulation of inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Their ability to influence the behavior of target cells and tissues makes them valuable both as diagnostic biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the biogenesis of exosomes, the functional roles of exosomal miRNAs in asthma, and their clinical potential. It will explore the mechanisms by which these miRNAs contribute to asthma pathophysiology, discuss their utility in diagnosing and monitoring the disease, and highlight ongoing research efforts to harness their therapeutic potential.
哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是遗传、环境和免疫因素之间复杂的相互作用导致疾病的发生和发展。近年来的研究进展揭示了外泌体微小RNA（miRNA）在哮喘发病机制和发展过程中的关键作用。外泌体是纳米级的细胞外囊泡，通过运输包括miRNA在内的多种生物活性分子促进细胞间通讯，并在调节基因表达和免疫反应中发挥关键作用，而这些对于哮喘潜在的炎症过程至关重要。由于外泌体miRNA参与了哮喘的各个方面，包括炎症调节、气道高反应性和重塑，它们正成为哮喘中的关键因素。它们影响靶细胞和组织行为的能力使其作为诊断生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点都具有重要价值。本综述旨在全面概述外泌体的生物发生、外泌体miRNA在哮喘中的功能作用及其临床潜力。它将探讨这些miRNA促成哮喘病理生理学的机制，讨论它们在诊断和监测疾病中的效用，并强调为利用其治疗潜力而正在进行的研究工作。
