Bai Xue, Smith Zara L, Wang Yuheng, Butterworth Sam, Tirella Annalisa
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
BIOtech-Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Sep 28;13(10):1623. doi: 10.3390/mi13101623.
Although nanomedicine has been highly investigated for cancer treatment over the past decades, only a few nanomedicines are currently approved and in the market; making this field poorly represented in clinical applications. Key research gaps that require optimization to successfully translate the use of nanomedicines have been identified, but not addressed; among these, the lack of control of the release pattern of therapeutics is the most important. To solve these issues with currently used nanomedicines (e.g., burst release, systemic release), different strategies for the design and manufacturing of nanomedicines allowing for better control over the therapeutic release, are currently being investigated. The inclusion of stimuli-responsive properties and prolonged drug release have been identified as effective approaches to include in nanomedicine, and are discussed in this paper. Recently, smart sustained release nanoparticles have been successfully designed to safely and efficiently deliver therapeutics with different kinetic profiles, making them promising for many drug delivery applications and in specific for cancer treatment. In this review, the state-of-the-art of smart sustained release nanoparticles is discussed, focusing on the design strategies and performances of polymeric nanotechnologies. A complete list of nanomedicines currently tested in clinical trials and approved nanomedicines for cancer treatment is presented, critically discussing advantages and limitations with respect to the newly developed nanotechnologies and manufacturing methods. By the presented discussion and the highlight of nanomedicine design criteria and current limitations, this review paper could be of high interest to identify key features for the design of release-controlled nanomedicine for cancer treatment.
尽管在过去几十年里，纳米医学在癌症治疗方面受到了广泛研究，但目前只有少数纳米药物获得批准并投放市场；这使得该领域在临床应用中的代表性较差。已经确定了一些需要优化才能成功转化纳米药物应用的关键研究空白，但尚未得到解决；其中，对治疗药物释放模式缺乏控制是最重要的问题。为了解决当前使用的纳米药物存在的这些问题（例如，突释、全身释放），目前正在研究不同的纳米药物设计和制造策略，以更好地控制治疗药物的释放。纳入刺激响应特性和延长药物释放已被确定为纳米医学中有效的方法，并将在本文中进行讨论。最近，智能缓释纳米颗粒已被成功设计出来，能够安全有效地递送具有不同动力学特征的治疗药物，使其在许多药物递送应用中，特别是癌症治疗中具有广阔前景。在这篇综述中，将讨论智能缓释纳米颗粒的最新进展，重点关注聚合物纳米技术的设计策略和性能。本文还列出了目前正在临床试验中测试的纳米药物以及已批准用于癌症治疗的纳米药物的完整清单，并批判性地讨论了它们相对于新开发的纳米技术和制造方法的优缺点。通过上述讨论以及对纳米医学设计标准和当前局限性的强调，这篇综述论文对于确定用于癌症治疗的控释纳米药物设计的关键特征可能具有很高的参考价值。
