Sun Chunshui, Hu Ke, Mu Dashuai, Wang Zhijun, Yu Xiuxia
College of Marine Science, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
Microorganisms. 2022 Oct 21;10(10):2080. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10102080.
In recent years, as an emerging material, nanomaterials have rapidly expanded from laboratories to large-scale industrial productions. Along with people's productive activities, these nanomaterials can enter the natural environment of soil, water and atmosphere through various ways. At present, a large number of reports have proved that nanomaterials have certain toxic effects on bacteria, algae, plants, invertebrates, mammalian cell lines and mammals in these environments, but people still know little about the ecotoxicology of nanomaterials. Most relevant studies focus on the responses of model strains to nanomaterials in pure culture conditions, but these results do not fully represent the response of microbial communities to nanomaterials in natural environments. Over the years, the effect of nanomaterials infiltrated into the natural environment on the microbial communities has become a popular topic in the field of nano-ecological environment research. It was found that under different environmental conditions, nanomaterials have various effects on the microbial communities. The medium; the coexisting pollutants in the environment and the structure, particle size and surface modification of nanomaterials may cause changes in the structure and function of microbial communities. This paper systematically summarizes the impacts of different nanomaterials on microbial communities in various environments, which can provide a reference for us to evaluate the impacts of nanomaterials released into the environment on the microecology and has certain guiding significance for strengthening the emission control of nanomaterials pollutants.
近年来，作为一种新兴材料，纳米材料已迅速从实验室扩展到大规模工业生产。随着人们的生产活动，这些纳米材料可以通过各种途径进入土壤、水和大气等自然环境。目前，大量报道已证明纳米材料在这些环境中对细菌、藻类、植物、无脊椎动物、哺乳动物细胞系和哺乳动物具有一定的毒性作用，但人们对纳米材料的生态毒理学仍知之甚少。大多数相关研究集中在纯培养条件下模式菌株对纳米材料的反应，但这些结果并不能完全代表微生物群落对自然环境中纳米材料的反应。多年来，渗透到自然环境中的纳米材料对微生物群落的影响已成为纳米生态环境研究领域的一个热门话题。研究发现，在不同环境条件下，纳米材料对微生物群落有各种影响。环境介质；环境中共存的污染物以及纳米材料的结构、粒径和表面改性可能导致微生物群落的结构和功能发生变化。本文系统总结了不同纳米材料对各种环境中微生物群落的影响，可为评估释放到环境中的纳米材料对微生态的影响提供参考，对加强纳米材料污染物的排放控制具有一定的指导意义。
