Rabiee Navid, Ahmadi Sepideh, Iravani Siavash, Varma Rajender S
School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Oct 13;14(10):2182. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102182.
The functionalization of nanomaterials with suitable capping ligands or bioactive agents is an interesting strategy in designing nanosystems with suitable applicability and biocompatibility; the physicochemical and biological properties of these nanomaterials can be highly improved for biomedical applications. In this context, numerous explorations have been conducted in the functionalization of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanomaterials using suitable functional groups or agents to design nanosystems with unique physicochemical properties such as excellent biosensing capabilities, biocompatibility, targeting features, and multifunctionality for biomedical purposes. Future studies should be undertaken for designing novel functionalization tactics to improve the properties of Au- and Ag-based nanosystems and reduce their toxicity. The possible release of cytotoxic radicals or ions, the internalization of nanomaterials, the alteration of cellular signaling pathways, the translocation of these nanomaterials across the cell membranes into mitochondria, DNA damages, and the damage of cell membranes are the main causes of their toxicity, which ought to be comprehensively explored. In this study, recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of functionalized Au and Ag nanomaterials are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future directions.
用合适的封端配体或生物活性剂对纳米材料进行功能化修饰，是设计具有合适适用性和生物相容性的纳米系统的一种有趣策略；这些纳米材料的物理化学和生物学性质可得到极大改善，以用于生物医学应用。在此背景下，人们已经进行了大量探索，利用合适的官能团或试剂对银（Ag）和金（Au）纳米材料进行功能化修饰，以设计出具有独特物理化学性质的纳米系统，如用于生物医学目的的优异生物传感能力、生物相容性、靶向特性和多功能性。未来的研究应致力于设计新颖的功能化策略，以改善基于金和银的纳米系统的性能并降低其毒性。细胞毒性自由基或离子的可能释放、纳米材料的内化、细胞信号通路的改变、这些纳米材料穿过细胞膜进入线粒体的转运、DNA损伤以及细胞膜损伤是其毒性的主要原因，对此应进行全面探究。在本研究中，我们将探讨功能化金和银纳米材料在诊断和治疗应用方面的最新进展，重点关注重要挑战和未来方向。
