Group Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Viruses. 2022 Oct 6;14(10):2197. doi: 10.3390/v14102197.
is the vector of several arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. In 2015-16, Zika virus (ZIKV) had an outbreak in South America associated with prenatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This mosquito's viral transmission is influenced by microbiota abundance and diversity and its interactions with the vector. The conditions of cocirculation of these three arboviruses, failure in vector control due to insecticide resistance, limitations in dengue management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and lack of effective treatment or vaccines make it necessary to identify changes in mosquito midgut bacterial composition and predict its functions through the infection. Its study is fundamental because it generates knowledge for surveillance of transmission and the risk of outbreaks of these diseases at the local level.
Midgut bacterial compositions of females of Colombian populations were analyzed using DADA2 Pipeline, and their functions were predicted with PICRUSt2 analysis. These analyses were done under the condition of natural ZIKV infection and resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, alone and in combination. One-step RT-PCR determined the percentage of ZIKV-infected females. We also measured the susceptibility to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and evaluated the presence of the V1016I mutation in the sodium channel gene.
We found high ZIKV infection rates in females from Colombian rural municipalities with deficient water supply, such as Honda with 63.6%. In the face of natural infection with an arbovirus such as Zika, the diversity between an infective and non-infective form was significantly different. Bacteria associated with a state of infection with ZIKV and lambda-cyhalothrin resistance were detected, such as the genus , which was related to functions of pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and bioremediation of insecticides. We hypothesize that it is a vehicle for virus entry, as it is in human intestinal infections. On the other hand, Bello, the only mosquito population classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, was associated with bacteria related to mucin degradation functions in the intestine, belonging to the family, with the genus being increased in ZIKV-infected females. The genus presented significantly decreased functions related to phenazine production, potentially associated with infection control, and control mechanism functions for host defense and quorum sensing. Additionally, was the genus principally associated with functions of the degradation of insecticides related to tryptophan metabolism, ABC transporters with a two-component system, efflux pumps, and alginate synthesis.
Microbiota composition may be modulated by ZIKV infection and insecticide resistance in Colombian populations. The condition of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin could be inducing a phenome of dysbiosis in field affecting the transmission of arboviruses.
是几种虫媒病毒（如登革热、寨卡和基孔肯雅热）的载体。2015-2016 年，寨卡病毒（ZIKV）在南美洲爆发，与产前小头畸形和格林-巴利综合征有关。这种蚊子的病毒传播受微生物区系丰度和多样性的影响，以及其与媒介的相互作用。这些虫媒病毒的共同循环、由于杀虫剂耐药性导致的媒介控制失败、在 COVID-19 大流行期间登革热管理的限制以及缺乏有效治疗或疫苗，使得有必要通过感染来识别蚊子中肠细菌组成的变化，并预测其功能。其研究具有基础性，因为它为监测这些疾病在当地的传播和暴发风险提供了知识。
使用 DADA2 管道分析了哥伦比亚种群雌性的中肠细菌组成，并使用 PICRUSt2 分析预测了它们的功能。在自然感染寨卡病毒和对 lambda-氯氟氰菊酯的抗性的条件下，单独和联合进行了这些分析。一步 RT-PCR 确定了感染 ZIKV 的雌性比例。我们还测量了对拟除虫菊酯 lambda-氯氟氰菊酯的敏感性，并评估了钠离子通道基因中 V1016I 突变的存在。
我们发现，在供水不足的哥伦比亚农村地区，如 Honda 市的 63.6%的雌性蚊子存在高 ZIKV 感染率。在面对像寨卡这样的虫媒病毒的自然感染时，感染和非感染形式之间的多样性有显著差异。检测到与 ZIKV 和 lambda-氯氟氰菊酯抗性的感染状态相关的细菌，如属，与致病性、抗微生物耐药性和杀虫剂的生物修复有关。我们假设它是病毒进入的载体，就像在人类肠道感染中一样。另一方面，唯一被归类为对 lambda-氯氟氰菊酯敏感的蚊子种群 Bello，与肠道中与粘蛋白降解功能相关的细菌有关，属于 科，感染 ZIKV 的雌性蚊子中属的数量增加。属的与昆虫代谢相关的功能显著减少，可能与感染控制和宿主防御和群体感应的控制机制功能有关。此外，属主要与与色氨酸代谢、ABC 转运体与双组分系统、外排泵和藻酸盐合成相关的杀虫剂降解功能有关。
在哥伦比亚种群中，微生物区系组成可能受到 ZIKV 感染和杀虫剂耐药性的调节。对 lambda-氯氟氰菊酯的耐药性可能会导致野外蚊子的生态失调现象，影响虫媒病毒的传播。
